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Effect of dietary regimen on rotavirus-Escherichia coli weanling diarrhea of piglets.

ABSTRACT

Previously, we induced weanling diarrhea in piglets by infecting them with rotavirus followed by hemolytic enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. We postulated that rotavirus, by damaging the epithelium of the small intestines, produced an enteroenvironment which favored the selection and growth of enteropathogenic E. coli. Furthermore, diet might affect the enteroenvironment and influence the course of the disease. To test this, newly weaned 3-week-old piglets were assigned to one of four dietary regimens and infected with rotavirus followed 24 h later with enteropathogenic E. coli. The course of the disease was followed by monitoring the severity of diarrhea and the fecal shedding of rotavirus and enteropathogenic E. coli in these dually infected piglets. The dietary regimen designed to tax the digestive and absorptive capacities of the piglets (high nutrient intake fed three times a day) produced the most prolonged diarrhea, colonization of the gut by hemolytic enteropathogenic E. coli, and persistent shedding of rotavirus (P less than 0.01). The same nutrient intake divided into 24 equal increments and fed hourly produced a less severe response (P less than 0.01). The least severe response was seen in piglets fed one-third the nutrient intake either hourly or three times a day (P less than 0.01). We conclude that dietary regimen plays an important role in rotavirus-E. coli-induced weanling diarrhea.