This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Reprints and Permissions Copyright Information Books from ASM Press MicrobeWorld Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Newland, J W Articles by Neill, R J Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Newland, J W Articles by Neill, R J

DNA probes for Shiga-like toxins I and II and for toxin-converting bacteriophages.

Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. 20307.

ABSTRACT

A set of DNA probes has been developed to study the genes for Shiga-like toxins (SLT) and the bacteriophage from which these toxin genes were isolated. Under stringent conditions of hybridization (80 to 90% homology), these probes detect strains containing (i) SLT I-related genes, (ii) SLT II-related genes, (iii) phage sequences from the SLT I-converting phage H19A/933J, and (iv) phage sequences from the SLT II-converting phage 933W. Strain characterization by hybridization with the toxin gene probes was as accurate as methods that used toxin-specific antibody to determine toxin synthesis. Screening of different gram-negative bacteria with the toxin probes revealed that only two species carry sequences related to the SLT genes, Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae 1. These results indicated that the lower levels of toxin activity observed in shigellae other than S. dysenteriae 1 are due to a gene(s) that is genetically distinct from that which encodes Shiga toxin. Analysis of enterotoxigenic, enteroinvasive, enteropathogenic, and enterohemorrhagic E. coli indicated that SLT genes are found primarily in the enterohemorrhagic E. coli strain group. Use of both the toxin and the phage probes has identified a variety of genotypic combinations of phage and toxin sequences which differ from those observed for the original toxin-converting phage isolates, for E. coli O157:H7 strain 933, and for E. coli O26:H11 strain H19.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Scaletsky, I. C. A., Michalski, J., Torres, A. G., Dulguer, M. V., Kaper, J. B. (2005). Identification and Characterization of the Locus for Diffuse Adherence, Which Encodes a Novel Afimbrial Adhesin Found in Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 73: 4753-4765 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Aranda, K. R. S., Fagundes-Neto, U., Scaletsky, I. C. A. (2004). Evaluation of Multiplex PCRs for Diagnosis of Infection with Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Shigella spp.. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 5849-5853 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Koudelka, A. P., Hufnagel, L. A., Koudelka, G. B. (2004). Purification and Characterization of the Repressor of the Shiga Toxin-Encoding Bacteriophage 933W: DNA Binding, Gene Regulation, and Autocleavage. J. Bacteriol. 186: 7659-7669 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Seguritan, V., Feng, I-W., Rohwer, F., Swift, M., Segall, A. M. (2003). Genome Sequences of Two Closely Related Vibrio parahaemolyticus Phages, VP16T and VP16C. J. Bacteriol. 185: 6434-6447 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Okeke, I. N., Ojo, O., Lamikanra, A., Kaper, J. B. (2003). Etiology of Acute Diarrhea in Adults in Southwestern Nigeria. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 4525-4530 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Piva, I. C., Pereira, A. L., Ferraz, L. R., Silva, R. S. N., Vieira, A. C., Blanco, J. E., Blanco, M., Blanco, J., Giugliano, L. G. (2003). Virulence Markers of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Isolated from Children and Adults with Diarrhea in Brasilia, Brazil. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 1827-1832 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Faruque, S. M., Khan, R., Kamruzzaman, M., Yamasaki, S., Ahmad, Q. S., Azim, T., Nair, G. B., Takeda, Y., Sack, D. A. (2002). Isolation of Shigella dysenteriae Type 1 and S. flexneri Strains from Surface Waters in Bangladesh: Comparative Molecular Analysis of Environmental Shigella Isolates versus Clinical Strains. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68: 3908-3913 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Venkatesan, M. M., Hartman, A. B., Newland, J. W., Ivanova, V. S., Hale, T. L., McDonough, M., Butterton, J. (2002). Construction, Characterization, and Animal Testing of WRSd1, a Shigella dysenteriae 1 Vaccine. Infect. Immun. 70: 2950-2958 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Scaletsky, I. C. A., Fabbricotti, S. H., Aranda, K. R., Morais, M. B., Fagundes-Neto, U. (2002). Comparison of DNA Hybridization and PCR Assays for Detection of Putative Pathogenic Enteroadherent Escherichia coli. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 1254-1258 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Scaletsky, I. C. A., Fabbricotti, S. H., Carvalho, R. L. B., Nunes, C. R., Maranhao, H. S., Morais, M. B., Fagundes-Neto, U. (2002). Diffusely Adherent Escherichia coli as a Cause of Acute Diarrhea in Young Children in Northeast Brazil: a Case-Control Study. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 645-648 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Okeke, I. N., Steinruck, H., Kanack, K. J., Elliott, S. J., Sundstrom, L., Kaper, J. B., Lamikanra, A. (2002). Antibiotic-Resistant Cell-Detaching Escherichia coli Strains from Nigerian Children. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 301-305 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tarr, P. I., Bilge, S. S., Vary, J. C. Jr., Jelacic, S., Habeeb, R. L., Ward, T. R., Baylor, M. R., Besser, T. E. (2000). Iha: a Novel Escherichia coli O157:H7 Adherence-Conferring Molecule Encoded on a Recently Acquired Chromosomal Island of Conserved Structure. Infect. Immun. 68: 1400-1407 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Okeke, I. N., Lamikanra, A., Steinrück, H., Kaper, J. B. (2000). Characterization of Escherichia coli Strains from Cases of Childhood Diarrhea in Provincial Southwestern Nigeria. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38: 7-12 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nagy, B., Wilson, R. A., Whittam, T. S. (1999). Genetic Diversity among Escherichia coli Isolates Carrying f18 Genes from Pigs with Porcine Postweaning Diarrhea and Edema Disease. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37: 1642-1645 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Watarai, M., Sato, T., Kobayashi, M., Shimizu, T., Yamasaki, S., Tobe, T., Sasakawa, C., Takeda, Y. (1998). Identification and Characterization of a Newly Isolated Shiga Toxin 2-Converting Phage from Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 66: 4100-4107 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Paton, J. C., Paton, A. W. (1998). Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infections. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 11: 450-479 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Muniesa, M., Jofre, J. (1998). Abundance in Sewage of Bacteriophages That Infect Escherichia coli O157:H7 and That Carry the Shiga Toxin 2 Gene. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 2443-2448 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bonnet, R., Souweine, B., Gauthier, G., Rich, C., Livrelli, V., Sirot, J., Joly, B., Forestier, C. (1998). Non-O157:H7 Stx2-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Associated with Sporadic Cases of Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome in Adults. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36: 1777-1780 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Bosworth, B. T., Dean-Nystrom, E. A., Casey, T. A., Neibergs, H. L. (1998). . CVI 5: 299-302 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nataro, J. P., Kaper, J. B. (1998). Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 11: 142-201 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Acheson, D. W.K., Wolf, L. E., Park, C. H., Rossboth, D. W., Tarr, P. I., Stapleton, A. E., Wilson, R. A., Rondeau, E., Peraldi, M.-N. (1997). Escherichia coli and the Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome. NEJM 336: 515-516 [Full Text]  
• Tarr, P. I., Fouser, L. S., Stapleton, A. E., Wilson, R. A., Kim, H. H., Vary, J. C., Clausen, C. R. (1996). Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome in a Six-Year-Old Girl after a Urinary Tract Infection with Shiga-Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O103:H2. NEJM 335: 635-638 [Full Text]  
• Keene, W. E., McAnulty, J. M., Hoesly, F. C., Williams, L. P., Hedberg, K., Oxman, G. L., Barrett, T. J., Pfaller, M. A., Fleming, D. W. (1994). A Swimming-Associated Outbreak of Hemorrhagic Colitis Caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Shigella Sonnei. NEJM 331: 579-584 [Abstract] [Full Text]