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Comparison of isolation methods for the recovery of Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida from the nasal cavities of piglets.

Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada.

ABSTRACT

Nasal swabs from 241 piglets from 12 herds with clinical atrophic rhinitis and 283 piglets from 14 herds without clinical atrophic rhinitis were examined for the presence of Bordetella bronchiseptica and/or Pasteurella multocida. For B. bronchiseptica, swabs were streaked on three selective media. Blood agar supplemented with cephalexin was the most satisfactory selective culture medium for the isolation of B. bronchiseptica. For P. multocida, swabs were also streaked on three selective media. Mice were also used for isolation of P. multocida from the nasal cavities of pigs. The mouse inoculation test was not found to be the definitive test for the isolation of P. multocida. A significant number of P. multocida strains were avirulent in the mouse model. The modified Knight medium (without potassium tellurite) was the best single method for isolating P. multocida. However, a combination of mouse passage and direct culture on selective media increased the rate of isolation. There was no marked difference in the prevalence of B. bronchiseptica or P. multocida in swine herds with or without clinical atrophic rhinitis. Both capsular types A and D were present in the nasal cavities of the pigs with or without clinical atrophic rhinitis.