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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, April 1998, p. 1064-1069, Vol. 36, No. 4
0095-1137/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Detection of Norwalk Virus and Other Genogroup 1 Human Caliciviruses by a Monoclonal Antibody, RecombinantAntigen-Based Immunoglobulin M Capture Enzyme Immunoassay

James P. Brinker,1 Neil R. Blacklow,1 Mary K. Estes,2 Christine L. Moe,3 Kellogg J. Schwab,2 and John E. Herrmann1,*

Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 016551; Division of Molecular Virology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 770302; and Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 275993

Received 19 September 1997/Returned for modification 8 December 1997/Accepted 5 January 1998

Sera obtained from two groups of adult volunteers infected with Norwalk virus (NV) and two groups of patients involved in two natural outbreaks were tested for NV-reactive immunoglobulin M (IgM) by use of a monoclonal antibody, recombinant-antigen-based IgM capture enzyme immunoassay (EIA). No NV-reactive IgM was detected in the preinoculation sera of 15 volunteers, and 14 of 15 showed NV-reactive antibodies postinfection with NV. All of the volunteers showed IgG seroconversion to NV. In the outbreak studies, all 9 persons in one outbreak and 19 of 24 in another outbreak had NV-reactive IgM. In the first outbreak, only three of nine seroconverted to NV, which was likely due to late collection of acute-phase sera. In the second outbreak, 21 of 24 showed IgG seroconversion to NV. Sequencing of viruses isolated from five stool samples selected from those in the second outbreak showed that they were human calicivirus (HuCV) genogroup 1 viruses related, but not identical, to NV. In the volunteer studies, NV-reactive IgM was first detected 8 days postinoculation. The time of development of NV-reactive IgM antibodies in natural outbreaks was estimated to be similar to that found in the volunteer studies. Sera from three Hawaii virus-infected volunteers, four Snow Mountain virus patients, and 80 healthy individuals were negative for NV-reactive IgM, indicating test specificity for HuCV genogroup I infections. This capture IgM EIA is suitable for diagnosis of NV and other HuCV genogroup I infections and is especially useful when sera and fecal samples have not been collected early in the course of an outbreak.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655. Phone: (508) 856-2155. Fax: (508) 856-5981. E-mail: John.E.Herrmann{at}banyan.ummed.edu.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, April 1998, p. 1064-1069, Vol. 36, No. 4
0095-1137/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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