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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, April 1998, p. 1141-1145, Vol. 36, No. 4
0095-1137/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Phylogenetic Relationships among Highly Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Isolates Obtained from Exotic Birds and Poultry from 1989 to 1996

Bruce S. Seal,1,* Daniel J. King,1 Devin P. Locke,1,2 Dennis A. Senne,3 and Mark W. Jackwood2

Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia 306051; Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratory, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa 500103; and Departments of Avian Medicine and Medical Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 306022

Received 30 July 1997/Returned for modification 4 December 1997/Accepted 29 December 1997

Newcastle disease virus {NDV (avian paramyxovirus type 1 [APMV1])} isolates were recovered from imported exotic birds confiscated following importation into the United States, from waterbirds in the United States, and from poultry. The exotic birds probably originated from Central and South America, Asia, and Africa. The NDV isolates were initially characterized as highly virulent because of a short mean death time in embryonated chicken eggs. The isolates were typed as neurotropic or viscerotropic velogenic by intracloacal inoculation of adult chickens. Intracerebral pathogenicity index values for the virulent NDV isolates ranged from 1.54 to 1.90, compared to a possible maximum value of 2.0. These isolates had a dibasic amino acid motif in the fusion protein cleavage site sequence required for host systemic replication. Sequence differences were detected surrounding the fusion protein cleavage site and the matrix protein nuclear localization signal, indicating evolution of highly virulent NDV. Phylogenetically, these isolates were categorized with other highly virulent NDV strains that caused outbreaks in southern California poultry during 1972 and in cormorants in the north central United States and southern Canada during 1990 and 1992. These isolates are related to NDV that may have the APMV1 strain chicken/Australia/AV/32 or a related virus as a possible progenitor. Recent virulent NDV isolates and those recovered during disease outbreaks since the 1970s are phylogenetically distinct from current vaccine viruses and standard challenge strains.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605. Phone: (706) 546-3434. Fax: (706) 546-3161. E-mail: bseal{at}asrr.arsusda.gov.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, April 1998, p. 1141-1145, Vol. 36, No. 4
0095-1137/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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