JCM Figure table search 04
Home Help [Feedback] [For Subscribers] [Archive] [Search] [Contents]
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Pineda, J. A.
Right arrow Articles by Lissen, E.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Pineda, J. A.
Right arrow Articles by Lissen, E.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, September 1998, p. 2419-2422, Vol. 36, No. 9
0095-1137/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Visceral Leishmaniasis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Patients in Southern Spain

Juan A. Pineda,1,* José A. Gallardo,1 Juan Macías,1 Juan Delgado,1 Carmen Regordán,2 Francisco Morillas,3 Federico Relimpio,1 Joaquina Martín-Sánchez,3 Armando Sánchez-Quijano,1 Manuel Leal,1 and Eduardo Lissen1

Viral Hepatitis and AIDS Study Group1 and Department of Microbiology,2 Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013-Seville, and Department of Parasitology, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, 18071-Granada,3 Spain

Received 3 March 1998/Returned for modification 20 April 1998/Accepted 8 June 1998

The actual prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis among human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients in the Mediterranean basin remains unknown. There is also controversy about the risk factors for Leishmania infantum and HIV-1 coinfection. To appraise the prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis in patients infected with HIV-1 in southern Spain and to identify factors associated with this disease, 291 HIV-1 carriers underwent a bone marrow aspiration, regardless of their symptoms. Giemsa-stained samples were searched for Leishmania amastigotes. Thirty-two (11%) patients showed visceral leishmaniasis. Thirteen (41%) patients had subclinical cases of infection. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) clinical category C was the factor most strongly associated with this disease (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.88 [95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 2.88]), but patients with subclinical cases of infection were found in all CDC categories. Female sex was negatively associated with visceral leishmaniasis (adjusted OR, 0.42 [95% confidence interval, 0.18 to 0.97]). Intravenous drug users showed a higher prevalence than the remaining patients (13.3 versus 4.9%; P = 0.04), but such an association was not independent. These results show that visceral leishmaniasis is a very prevalent disease among HIV-1-infected patients in southern Spain, with a high proportion of cases being subclinical. Like other opportunistic infections, subclinical visceral leishmaniasis can be found at any stage of HIV-1 infection, but symptomatic cases of infection appear mainly when a deep immunosuppression is present. There is also an association of this disease with male sex and intravenous drug use.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Viral Hepatitis and AIDS Study Group, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avenida Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013-Sevilla, Spain. Phone: 34-5-4248154. Fax: 34-5-4248249. E-mail: vergara{at}cica.es.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, September 1998, p. 2419-2422, Vol. 36, No. 9
0095-1137/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:



Home Help [Feedback] [For Subscribers] [Archive] [Search] [Contents]
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. Clin. Microbiol. Rev.
Clin. Vaccine Immunol. ALL ASM JOURNALS

Copyright © 1998 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.