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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, October 1999, p. 3255-3259, Vol. 37, No. 10
0095-1137/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Evidence from Molecular Fingerprinting of Limited Spread of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Texas

Rebecca W. Wilson,1 Zhenhua Yang,2,3 Michael Kelley,4 M. Donald Cave,2,5 Janice M. Pogoda,6 Richard J. Wallace Jr.,1,7 J. Peter Cegielski,1,8 Denise F. Dunbar,4 David Bergmire-Sweat,4 L. Bruce Elliott,4 and Peter F. Barnes1,8,9,*

Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control,1 Departments of Microbiology,7 Cell Biology,9 and Medicine,8 University of Texas Health Center at Tyler, Tyler, and Texas Department of Health, Austin,4 Texas; Regional Tuberculosis Genotyping Laboratory2 and Departments of Pathology3 and Anatomy,5 University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and Statotology, Truckee, California6

Received 2 December 1998/Returned for modification 20 March 1999/Accepted 26 June 1999

To determine the contribution of recent transmission to spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Texas, we performed IS6110-based and pTBN12-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses on Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. Isolates collected from 201 patients in Texas between 1992 and 1994 were studied. The distribution of cases was strikingly focal. All cases were reported from 35 of the 254 counties in Texas, and 74% (148 of 201) were reported from only 9 counties. One hundred sixty-one (80%) of the patients had M. tuberculosis isolates with unique RFLP patterns, and 41 (20%) patients were in 20 clusters, each comprising 2 to 3 patients. The largest number of cases of drug-resistant tuberculosis were reported in counties bordering Mexico, but the percentage of clustered cases was highest in northeast Texas and in counties that included the cities of Dallas, Fort Worth, and Houston. Compared to nonclustered patients, clustered patients were more likely to be African American and to have been born in the United States. Clustered patients were significantly more likely to be from the same geographic area, and clustered patients from the same geographic area were more likely to have isolates with identical drug susceptibility patterns, suggesting that they were linked by recent transmission. In 11 of 20 clusters, clustered patients were from geographically separate regions, and most isolates did not have identical drug susceptibility patterns, suggesting that tuberculosis was contracted from a common source in the remote past. Based on the low percentage of clustered cases and the small cluster size, we conclude that there is no evidence for the extensive transmission of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Texas.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Peter F. Barnes, Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, University of Texas Health Center at Tyler, 11937 U.S. Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708-3154. Phone: (903) 877-5956. Fax: (903) 877-5516. E-mail: pbarnes{at}uthct.edu.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, October 1999, p. 3255-3259, Vol. 37, No. 10
0095-1137/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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