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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, February 1999, p. 371-375, Vol. 37, No. 2
0095-1137/99/$00.00+0

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Microsporidia Belonging to the Genus Encephalitozoon

Delynn M. Moss,* Gian P. Croppo, Sara Wallace, and Govinda S. Visvesvara

Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia

Received 5 August 1998/Returned for modification 5 October 1998/Accepted 2 November 1998

Flow cytometry was used in the identification of human microsporidia belonging to the genus Encephalitozoon. Microsporidian spores of Encephalitozoon hellem, E. cuniculi, and E. intestinalis were propagated in axenic cultures of monkey kidney E6 cells, purified with Percoll, and exposed to homologous and heterologous rabbit antiserum and monoclonal antibody prepared against E. hellem spores. After reaction to goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) or goat anti-mouse IgG conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate, fluorescence histograms from gated data on light-scatter profiles showed that rabbit anti-E. hellem serum was reactive to E. hellem spores but also had cross-reactivity to spores of E. cuniculi and E. intestinalis. On the other hand, fluorescence histograms showed that rabbit anti-E. cuniculi and rabbit anti-E. intestinalis sera were reactive with homologous spores only. Monoclonal antibody prepared against E. hellem reacted only with spores of E. hellem. Neither the polyclonal antibodies nor the monoclonal antibodies reacted with Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Fluorescence histograms of spores treated with 10% formalin also showed reactivity, but the number of events in the most intense peaks of fluorescence was fewer (7 to 42%, depending on species) than the number of events in the most intense peaks of fluorescence for nontreated spores. By flow cytometry, formalin-treated and nontreated spores of Encephalitozoon were identified to the species level by using gated data on light-scatter profiles and analyzing the fluorescence histograms from the indirect immunofluorescence of the spores. Once a procedure is established for the isolation of Encephalitozoon spores from clinical specimens, identification of spores by flow cytometry may be useful not only for diagnosis but also for epidemiologic studies.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Parasitic Diseases, Mail Stop F-13, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341. Phone: (770) 488-4041. Fax: (770) 488-4108. E-mail: DMM3{at}CDC.GOV.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, February 1999, p. 371-375, Vol. 37, No. 2
0095-1137/99/$00.00+0


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