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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, May 1999, p. 1348-1351, Vol. 37, No. 5
0095-1137/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Detection of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serotype typhimurium DT104 Based on a Gene Which Confers Cross-Resistance to Florfenicol and Chloramphenicol

Lance F. Bolton,1 Lynda C. Kelley,1,* Margie D. Lee,2 Paula J. Fedorka-Cray,1 and John J. Maurer3

Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Services, Athens, Georgia 30604-5677,1 and Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology2 and Department of Avian Medicine,3 The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602

Received 19 October 1998/Returned for modification 15 December 1998/Accepted 28 January 1999

Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium (S. typhimurium) DT104 (DT104) first emerged as a major pathogen in Europe and is characterized by its pentadrug-resistant pattern. It has also been associated with outbreaks in the United States. The organism typically carries resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline. The mechanism of chloramphenicol resistance in DT104 was determined by producing antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli host strain clones from DT104 DNA. DNA from chloramphenicol-resistant clones was sequenced, and probes specific for the genes floS. typhimurium (floSt), int, invA, and spvC were produced for colony blot hybridizations. One hundred nine Salmonella isolates, including 44 multidrug-resistant DT104 isolates, were tested to evaluate the specificities of the probes. The gene floSt, reported in this study, confers chloramphenicol and florfenicol resistance on S. typhimurium DT104. Florfenicol resistance is unique to S. typhimurium DT104 and multidrug-resistant S. typhimurium isolates with the same drug resistance profile among all isolates evaluated. Of 44 DT104 isolates tested, 98% were detected based on phenotypic florfenicol resistance and 100% had the floSt-positive genotype. Resistances to florfenicol and chloramphenicol are conferred by the gene floSt, described in this paper. Presumptive identification of S. typhimurium DT104 can be made rapidly based on the presence of the floSt gene or its resulting phenotype.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677. Phone: (706) 546-3524. Fax: (706) 546-3772. E-mail: pcray{at}ars.usda.gov.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, May 1999, p. 1348-1351, Vol. 37, No. 5
0095-1137/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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