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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, August 1999, p. 2538-2542, Vol. 37, No. 8
0095-1137/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

TT Virus Infection in French Hemodialysis Patients: Study of Prevalence and Risk Factors

Pierre Gallian,1 Yvon Berland,2 Michel Olmer,3 Denis Raccah,4 Philippe de Micco,1,5 Philippe Biagini,1 Sophie Simon,5 Dammar Bouchouareb,3 Catherine Mourey,2 Christa Roubicek,2 M'hammed Touinssi,1 Jean-François Cantaloube,1 Bertrand Dussol,2 and Xavier de Lamballerie5,*

Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de l'Établissement de Transfusion Sanguine Alpes-Provence, 13392 Marseille Cedex 5,1 Service de Néphrologie et Hémodialyse, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, 13009 Marseille,2 Service de Néphrologie et de Dialyse, Hôpital de la Conception,3 Service de Nutrition, Maladies Métaboliques et Endocrinologie, Hôpital de la Timone,4 and Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Tropical et Transfusionelle, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille,5 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France

Received 21 December 1998/Returned for modification 9 February 1999/Accepted 10 May 1999

The TT virus (TTV) is a recently discovered DNA virus which was first identified in patients with non-A to -G hepatitis following blood transfusion. In this study, we tested 150 attendees of two hemodialysis (HD) units of the public hospitals of Marseilles, France, for the presence of TTV genome by using a PCR-based methodology. The overall prevalence of TTV viremia was 28% (compared to 5.3% in blood donors from the same region). We demonstrated the existence of chronic infections and superinfections by strains belonging to different genotypes. The prevalence of infection was higher in patients originating from Africa, in patients with previous blood transfusion or organ transplantation, in patients with antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, and in those with diabetes mellitus. A high prevalence of TTV infection (50%) was also observed in a population of patients with diabetes mellitus but without renal disease. No significant relationship was found between TTV viremia and hepatitis C virus or GB virus C, transaminases, age, sex, and duration of HD treatment. The PCR amplification products (located in open reading frame 1 of the TTV genome) were sequenced. These genomic sequences were submitted to phylogenetic analysis by using the Jukes-Cantor algorithm for distance determination and the neighbor-joining method for tree building. In several instances, sequences from viruses isolated in a HD unit were grouped in the same phylogenetic cluster. These results together with the different distribution of cases in the two HD units suggest there is viral transmission within each.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Tropicale et Transfusionnelle, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France. Phone: 33 491 32 45 53. Fax: 33 491 18 95 98. E-mail: virophdm{at}lac.gulliver.fr.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, August 1999, p. 2538-2542, Vol. 37, No. 8
0095-1137/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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