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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, September 1999, p. 2936-2942, Vol. 37, No. 9
0095-1137/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Genotypes of Canine Distemper Virus Determined by Analysis of the Hemagglutinin Genes of Recent Isolates from Dogs in Japan

Masami Mochizuki,1,2,* Michiru Hashimoto,1 Shigeyuki Hagiwara,2 Yoshio Yoshida,2 and Shinryo Ishiguro2

Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology1 and Tsukuba Central Laboratories,2 Kyoritsu Shoji Corporation, 1-12-4 Kudankita, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0073, Japan

Received 5 April 1999/Returned for modification 30 April 1999/Accepted 10 June 1999

Canine distemper of domestic dogs is caused by canine distemper virus (CDV), a member of the morbilliviruses. It has been a highly contagious disease of great veterinary importance for centuries, but for the last several decades it has been controlled satisfactorily by modified live vaccines. In the 1990s, however, it was described that CDV strains genetically different from vaccine strains may have caused the disease in vaccinated dogs. The highest antigenic variation is found in the H protein. Therefore, in the present study, hemagglutinin (H) genes obtained from current vaccines and field isolates and amplified directly from clinical specimens were genetically analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism assay and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the H-gene amino acid sequences revealed that at least two CDV genotypes are circulating among dogs in Japan; one is a genotype to which almost all Japanese CDV isolates belong and the other has not been previously described. Both are separate and independent from the other lineages or genotypes of vaccine strains, as well as European and U.S. CDV isolates. The results suggest that CDV has also evolved in Japan, and further studies will be needed for an evaluation and possible improvement of the efficacies of current CDV vaccines.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Kyoritsu Shoji Corporation, 1-12-4 Kudankita, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0073, Japan. Phone: 81-3-3264-7117. Fax: 81-3-3264-6094. E-mail: msmmchzk{at}mb.infoweb.ne.jp.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, September 1999, p. 2936-2942, Vol. 37, No. 9
0095-1137/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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