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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, January 2000, p. 110-119, Vol. 38, No. 1
0095-1137/0/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate and Dextran Sulfate as Microbicides against Herpes Simplex and Human Immunodeficiency Viruses

Jocelyne Piret,1 Julie Lamontagne,1 Julie Bestman-Smith,1 Sylvie Roy,1 Pierrette Gourde,1 André Désormeaux,1 Rabeea F. Omar,1 Julianna Juhász,2 and Michel G. Bergeron1,*

Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie1 and Faculté de Pharmacie,2 Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2

Received 1 June 1999/Returned for modification 21 September 1999/Accepted 8 October 1999

The efficacy of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), a sulfated anionic chaotropic surfactant, and dextran sulfate (DS), a polysulfated carbohydrate, against herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections was evaluated in cultured cells and in different murine models of HSV infection. Results showed that both SLS and DS were potent inhibitors of the infectivities of various HSV-1 and HSV-2 strains. Pretreatment of HIV-1 (strain NL4-3) with SLS also reduced its infectivity to 1G5 cells. DS prevented the binding of HSV to cell surface receptors and therefore its entry into cells. Pretreatment of HSV-1 (strain F) with 50 µM SLS resulted in a complete loss of virus infectivity to Vero cells. However, viruses were able to enter into cells and to produce in the nuclei capsid shells devoid of a DNA core. The amount of the glycoprotein D gene produced in these cells remained unchanged compared to controls, suggesting that SLS could interfere with the maturation of the virus. At a higher SLS concentration (100 µM), HSV was highly damaged by SLS pretreatment and only a few viral particles could enter into cells to produce abnormal capsids. Although DS was a more potent inhibitor of HSV infectivity in vitro, it was unable to provide any protection in murine models of HSV infection. However, SLS conferred a complete protection of animals infected cutaneously with pretreated viruses. In addition, skin pretreatment of mice with a polymer formulation containing SLS completely prevented the development of cutaneous lesions. More interestingly, intravaginal pretreatment of mice with SLS in a buffered solution also completely protected against lethal HSV-2 infection. Taken together, our results suggest that SLS could thus represent a candidate of choice as a microbicide to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV, HSV, and possibly other pathogens that cause sexually transmitted diseases.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, RC 709, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Pavillon CHUL, 2705 Boul. Laurier, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada G1V 4G2. Phone: (418) 654-2705. Fax: (418) 654-2715. E-mail: Michel.G.Bergeron{at}crchul.ulaval.ca.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, January 2000, p. 110-119, Vol. 38, No. 1
0095-1137/0/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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