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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, November 2000, p. 4233-4238, Vol. 38, No. 11
0095-1137/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Production of Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1-Seronegative Latent Carriers by Administration of a Live-Attenuated Vaccine in Passively Immunized Calves

Mylène Lemaire,1,dagger Gilles Meyer,1,Dagger Eric Baranowski,1,§ Frédéric Schynts,1 Guy Wellemans,2 Pierre Kerkhofs,2 and Etienne Thiry1,*

Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège,1 and Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center, B-1180 Brussels,2 Belgium

Received 20 March 2000/Returned for modification 2 June 2000/Accepted 27 August 2000

The consequences of the vaccination of neonatal calves with the widely used live-attenuated temperature-sensitive (ts) bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) were investigated. The ts strain established acute and latent infections in all vaccinated calves either with or without passive immunity. Four of seven calves vaccinated under passive immunity became clearly BHV-1 seronegative by different serological tests, as did uninfected control calves after the disappearance of maternal antibodies, and they remained so for long periods. A cell-mediated immune response was detected by a BHV-1 gamma interferon assay, but this test failed to detect the seronegative latent carriers (SNLCs). While they are not detected, SNLCs represent a threat for BHV-1-free herds or countries. This study demonstrates that SNLCs can be easily obtained by inoculation with a live-attenuated BHV-1 under passive immunity and that latent carrier animals without any antibody do exist. Consequently, this situation could represent a good model to experimentally produce SNLCs.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Boulevard de Colonster, 20-B 43bis, B-4000 Liège, Belgium. Phone: 32 4 366 42 50. Fax: 32 4 366 42 61. E-mail: etienne.thiry{at}ulg.ac.be.

dagger Present address: UMR960 Microbiologie Moléculaire, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, F-31076 Toulouse Cedex 3, France.

Dagger Present address: UMR959 Physiopathologie Infectieuse et Parasitaire des Ruminants, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, F-31076 Toulouse Cedex 3, France.

§ Present address: Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, November 2000, p. 4233-4238, Vol. 38, No. 11
0095-1137/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.




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