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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, December 2000, p. 4343-4350, Vol. 38, No. 12
0095-1137/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Citrobacter rodentium, the Causative Agent of Transmissible Murine Colonic Hyperplasia, Exhibits Clonality: Synonymy of C. rodentium and Mouse-Pathogenic Escherichia coli

Steven A. Luperchio,1 Joseph V. Newman,1 Charles A. Dangler,2,dagger Mark D. Schrenzel,2,Dagger Don J. Brenner,3 Arnold G. Steigerwalt,3 and David B. Schauer1,2,*

Division of Bioengineering and Environmental Health1 and Division of Comparative Medicine,2 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 303333

Received 19 June 2000/Returned for modification 24 August 2000/Accepted 29 September 2000

Citrobacter rodentium (formerly Citrobacter freundii biotype 4280 and Citrobacter genomospecies 9) was described on the basis of biochemical characterization and DNA-DNA hybridization data and is the only Citrobacter species known to possess virulence factors homologous to those of the human pathogens enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and enterohemorrhagic E. coli. These virulence factors are encoded on the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), a pathogenicity island required for the characteristic attaching and effacing (AE) pathology seen in infection with these three pathogens. C. rodentium, which apparently infects only mice, provides a useful animal model for studying the molecular basis of AE pathology. No work has been done to assess differences in pathogenicity between C. rodentium isolates from diverse sources. Here, we report the examination of 15 C. rodentium isolates using a battery of genetic and biochemical approaches. No differences were observed between the isolates by repetitive-element sequence-based PCR analysis, biochemical analysis, and possession of LEE-specific virulence factors. These data suggest that members of the species are clonal. We further characterized an atypical E. coli strain from Japan called mouse-pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) that, in our hands, caused the same disease as C. rodentium. Applying the same battery of tests, we found that MPEC possesses LEE-encoded virulence factors and is indistinguishable from the previously characterized C. rodentium isolate DBS100. These results demonstrate that MPEC is a misclassified C. rodentium isolate and that members of this species are clonal and represent the only known attaching and effacing bacterial pathogen of mice.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Room 56-787B, Cambridge, MA 02139. Phone: (617) 253-8113. Fax: (617) 258-0225. E-mail: schauer{at}mit.edu.

dagger Present address: Bristol-Myers Squibb PRI, Pennington, NJ 08534.

Dagger Present address: Zoological Society of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92101.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, December 2000, p. 4343-4350, Vol. 38, No. 12
0095-1137/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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