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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, August 2000, p. 2982-2984, Vol. 38, No. 8
0095-1137/00/$04.00+0

Detection of Adenoviruses (AdV) in Culture-Negative Environmental Samples by PCR during an AdV-Associated Respiratory Disease Outbreak

Marcela Echavarria,1,2 Shellie A. Kolavic,3 Steven Cersovsky,3 Felicia Mitchell,1 Jose L. Sanchez,3 Christina Polyak,3 Bruce L. Innis,1 and Leonard N. Binn1,*

Department of Virus Diseases, Division of Communicable Diseases and Immunology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.,1 and Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Rockville,2 and U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen,3 Maryland

Received 14 January 2000/Returned for modification 25 February 2000/Accepted 5 June 2000

Since 1954, adenoviruses (AdV) have been recognized as an important cause of acute respiratory disease (ARD) among U.S. military recruits. Until recently, routine oral vaccination for AdV serotypes 4 and 7 eliminated epidemic AdV-associated ARD in this population. Now that the manufacturer has ceased production, vaccination has ended and AdV epidemics have reappeared. As part of a prospective epidemiological study during the high-risk ARD season, serial samples were obtained from ventilation system filters and tested for AdV by culture and PCR. An outbreak occurred during this surveillance. Of 59 air filters, 26 (44%) were AdV positive only by PCR. Sequence analysis confirmed the presence of AdV serotype 4, the implicated outbreak serotype. The number of AdV-related hospitalizations was directly correlated with the proportion of filters containing AdV; correlation coefficients were 0.86 (Pearson) and 0.90 (Spearman's rho). This is the first report describing a PCR method to detect airborne AdV during an ARD outbreak. It suggests that this technique can detect and quantify AdV-associated ARD exposure and may enable further definition of environmental effects on AdV-associated ARD spread.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Virus Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Forney Dr., Bldg. 503, Silver Spring, MD 20910. Phone: (301) 319-9045. Fax: (301) 319-9661. E-mail: leonard.binn{at}na.amedd.army.mil.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, August 2000, p. 2982-2984, Vol. 38, No. 8
0095-1137/00/$04.00+0


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