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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, October 2001, p. 3541-3547, Vol. 39, No. 10
0095-1137/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.10.3541-3547.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Geographical Heterogeneity between Far Eastern and Western Countries in Prevalence of the Virulence Plasmid, the Superantigen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis-Derived Mitogen, and the High-Pathogenicity Island among Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Strains

Hiroshi Fukushima,1,* Yuhou Matsuda,1 Ryotaro Seki,1 Misao Tsubokura,2 Nobuaki Takeda,3 Felix Nikolaevich Shubin,4 In Ki Paik,5 and Xue Bin Zheng6

The Shimane Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, 582-1 Nishihamasada, Matsue, Shimane 699-0122,1 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553,2 and Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Okayama 710,3 Japan; Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Science Siberian Branch, 690600 Vladivostok, Russia4; Department of Clinical Pathology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University, Seoul, Korea5; and Department of Microbiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China6

Received 7 March 2001/Returned for modification 26 May 2001/Accepted 5 July 2001

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis produces novel superantigenic toxins designated YPMa (Y. pseudotuberculosis-derived mitogen), YPMb, and YPMc and has a pathogenicity island termed HPI (high-pathogenicity island) and R-HPI (the right-hand part of the HPI with truncation in its left-hand part) on the chromosome. Analysis of the distribution of these virulence factors allowed for differentiation of species Y. pseudotuberculosis into six subgroups, thus reflecting the geographical spread of two main clones: the YPMa+ HPI- Far Eastern systemic pathogenic type belonging to serotypes O1b, -2a, -2b, -2c, -3, -4a, -4b, -5a, -5b, -6, -10, and UT (untypeable) and the YPMs- HPI+ European gastroenteric pathogenic type belonging to serotypes O1a and -1b. The YPMa+ HPI+ pathogenic type belonging to serotypes O1b, -3, -5a, -5b, and UT and the YPMb+ HPI- nonpathogenic type belonging to non-melibiose-fermenting serotypes O1b, -5a, -5b, -6, -7, -9, -10, -11, and -12 were prevalent in the Far East. The YPMc+ R-HPI+ European low-pathogenicity type belonging to non-melibiose-fermenting serotype O3 and the YPMs- HPI- pathogenic type belonging to 15 serotypes were found to be prevalent all over the world. This new information is useful for a better understanding of the evolution and spread of Y. pseudotuberculosis.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: The Shimane Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, 582-1 Nishihamasada, Matsue, Shimane 699-0122, Japan. Phone: 81 852-36-8181. Fax: 81 852-36-6683. E-mail: hiroshi{at}joho-shimane.or.jp.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, October 2001, p. 3541-3547, Vol. 39, No. 10
0095-1137/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.10.3541-3547.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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