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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, June 2001, p. 2126-2133, Vol. 39, No. 6
0095-1137/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.6.2126-2133.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Phylogeny of Pneumocystis carinii from 18 Primate Species Confirms Host Specificity and Suggests Coevolution

Christine Demanche,1 Madeleine Berthelemy,1 Thierry Petit,2 Bruno Polack,1 Ann E. Wakefield,3 Eduardo Dei-Cas,4,5 and Jacques Guillot1,*

UMR 956 INRA-AFSSA-ENVA Biologie Moléculaire et Immunologie Parasitaires et Fongiques, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort,1 Parc Zoologique de La Palmyre, Le Mathes,2 and Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculté de Médecine et CHRU de Lille,4 and Ecologie du Parasitisme, Institut Pasteur de Lille,5 Lille, France, and Molecular Infectious Diseases Group, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom3

Received 18 January 2001/Returned for modification 8 March 2001/Accepted 8 April 2001

Primates are regularly infected by fungal organisms identified as Pneumocystis carinii. They constitute a valuable population for the confirmation of P. carinii host specificity. In this study, the presence of P. carinii was assessed by direct examination and nested PCR at mitochondrial large subunit (mtLSU) rRNA and dihydropteroate synthetase (DHPS) genes in 98 lung tissue samples from captive or wild nonhuman primates. Fifty-nine air samples corresponding to the environment of different primate species in zoological parks were also examined. Cystic forms of P. carinii were detected in smears from 7 lung tissue samples corresponding to 5 New World primate species. Amplifications at the mtLSU rRNA gene were positive for 29 lung tissue samples representing 18 different primate species or subspecies and 2 air samples corresponding to the environment of two simian colonies. Amplifications at the DHPS gene were positive for 8 lung tissue samples representing 6 different primate species. Direct sequencing of nested PCR products demonstrated that a specific mtLSU rRNA and DHPS sequence could be attributed to each primate species or subspecies. No nonhuman primate harbored the human type of P. carinii (P. carinii f. sp. hominis). Genetic divergence in primate-derived P. carinii organisms varied in terms of the phylogenetic divergence existing among the corresponding host species, suggesting coevolution.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France. Phone: 331 43 96 71 57. Fax: 331 43 75 35 07. E-mail: j.guillot{at}vet-alfort.fr.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, June 2001, p. 2126-2133, Vol. 39, No. 6
0095-1137/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.6.2126-2133.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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