This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by McGee, L.
Right arrow Articles by Klugman, K. P.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by McGee, L.
Right arrow Articles by Klugman, K. P.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, July 2001, p. 2565-2571, Vol. 39, No. 7
0095-1137/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.7.2565-2571.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Nomenclature of Major Antimicrobial-Resistant Clones of Streptococcus pneumoniae Defined by the Pneumococcal Molecular Epidemiology Network

L. McGee,1,* L. McDougal,2 J. Zhou,3 B. G. Spratt,3 F. C. Tenover,2 R. George,4 R. Hakenbeck,5 W. Hryniewicz,6 J. C. Lefévre,7 A. Tomasz,8 and K. P. Klugman1

MRC/SAIMR/WITS Pneumococcal Diseases Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa1; Nosocomial Pathogens Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 303332; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College School of Medicine,3 and Respiratory and Systemic Infection Laboratory,4 London, England; University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany5; Sera and Vaccines Central Research Laboratory, Warsaw, Poland6; Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Toulouse, France7; and Rockefeller University, New York, New York 100218

Received 12 February 2001/Returned for modification 2 April 2001/Accepted 22 April 2001

The emergence of disease caused by penicillin-resistant and multidrug-resistant pneumococci has become a global concern, necessitating the identification of the epidemiological spread of such strains. The Pneumococcal Molecular Epidemiology Network was established in 1997 under the auspices of the International Union of Microbiological Societies with the aim of characterizing, standardizing, naming, and classifying antimicrobial agent-resistant pneumococcal clones. Here we describe the nomenclature for 16 pneumococcal clones that have contributed to the increase in antimicrobial resistance worldwide. Guidelines for the recognition of these clones using molecular typing procedures (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, BOX-PCR, and multilocus sequence typing) are presented, as are the penicillin-binding profiles and macrolide resistance determinants for the 16 clones. This network can serve as a prototype for the collaboration of scientists in identifying clones of important human pathogens and as a model for the development of other networks.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, South African Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 1038, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa. Phone: 27 11 489-9335. Fax: 27 11 489-9332. E-mail: lesmcgee{at}hotmail.com.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, July 2001, p. 2565-2571, Vol. 39, No. 7
0095-1137/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.7.2565-2571.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Kosowska-Shick, K., Ednie, L. M., McGhee, P., Appelbaum, P. C. (2009). Comparative Antipneumococcal Activities of Sulopenem and Other Drugs. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53: 2239-2247 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Siira, L., Rantala, M., Jalava, J., Hakanen, A. J., Huovinen, P., Kaijalainen, T., Lyytikainen, O., Virolainen, A. (2009). Temporal Trends of Antimicrobial Resistance and Clonality of Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Finland, 2002 to 2006. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53: 2066-2073 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zerfass, I., Hakenbeck, R., Denapaite, D. (2009). An Important Site in PBP2x of Penicillin-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae: Mutational Analysis of Thr338. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53: 1107-1115 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Soriano, F., Cafini, F., Aguilar, L., Tarrago, D., Alou, L., Gimenez, M.-J., Gracia, M., Ponte, M.-C., Leu, D., Pana, M., Letowska, I., Fenoll, A. (2008). Breakthrough in penicillin resistance? Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates with penicillin/cefotaxime MICs of 16 mg/L and their genotypic and geographical relatedness. J Antimicrob Chemother 62: 1234-1240 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Vestrheim, D. F., Hoiby, E. A., Aaberge, I. S., Caugant, D. A. (2008). Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae Strains Colonizing Children Attending Day-Care Centers in Norway. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46: 2508-2518 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Cagnacci, S., Gualco, L., Debbia, E., Schito, G. C., Marchese, A. (2008). European Emergence of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Escherichia coli Clonal Groups O25:H4-ST 131 and O15:K52:H1 Causing Community-Acquired Uncomplicated Cystitis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46: 2605-2612 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Albarracin Orio, A. G., Cortes, P. R., Tregnaghi, M., Pinas, G. E., Argentinean Network Pneumococcus Study Group, , Echenique, J. R. (2008). A new serotype 14 variant of the pneumococcal Spain9V-3 international clone detected in the central region of Argentina. J Med Microbiol 57: 992-999 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bagnoli, F., Moschioni, M., Donati, C., Dimitrovska, V., Ferlenghi, I., Facciotti, C., Muzzi, A., Giusti, F., Emolo, C., Sinisi, A., Hilleringmann, M., Pansegrau, W., Censini, S., Rappuoli, R., Covacci, A., Masignani, V., Barocchi, M. A. (2008). A Second Pilus Type in Streptococcus pneumoniae Is Prevalent in Emerging Serotypes and Mediates Adhesion to Host Cells. J. Bacteriol. 190: 5480-5492 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chiou, A.-C., Andrade, S. S., Almeida, S. C. G., Zanella, R. C., Andrade, A.-L., Brandileone, M.-C. d. C. (2008). Molecular assessment of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 in Brazil: evidence of clonal replacement. J Med Microbiol 57: 839-844 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • de la Pedrosa, E. G. G., Morosini, M.-I., van der Linden, M., Ruiz-Garbajosa, P., Galan, J. C., Baquero, F., Reinert, R. R., Canton, R. (2008). Polyclonal Population Structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Spain Carrying mef and mef plus erm(B). Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52: 1964-1969 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jacobs, M. R., Good, C. E., Beall, B., Bajaksouzian, S., Windau, A. R., Whitney, C. G. (2008). Changes in Serotypes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Strains in Cleveland: a Quarter Century of Experience. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46: 982-990 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Izdebski, R., Rutschmann, J., Fiett, J., Sadowy, E., Gniadkowski, M., Hryniewicz, W., Hakenbeck, R. (2008). Highly Variable Penicillin Resistance Determinants PBP 2x, PBP 2b, and PBP 1a in Isolates of Two Streptococcus pneumoniae Clonal Groups, Poland23F-16 and Poland6B-20. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52: 1021-1027 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nichol, K. A., Adam, H. J., Karlowsky, J. A., Zhanel, G. G., Hoban, D. J. (2008). Increasing Genetic Relatedness of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolated in Canada from 1997 to 2005. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52: 1190-1194 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Job, V., Carapito, R., Vernet, T., Dessen, A., Zapun, A. (2008). Common Alterations in PBP1a from Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Decrease Its Reactivity toward {beta}-Lactams: STRUCTURAL INSIGHTS. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 4886-4894 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wolter, N., Smith, A. M., Farrell, D. J., Northwood, J. B., Douthwaite, S., Klugman, K. P. (2008). Telithromycin Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae Is Conferred by a Deletion in the Leader Sequence of erm(B) That Increases rRNA Methylation. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52: 435-440 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nicolas-Chanoine, M.-H., Blanco, J., Leflon-Guibout, V., Demarty, R., Alonso, M. P., Canica, M. M., Park, Y.-J., Lavigne, J.-P., Pitout, J., Johnson, J. R. (2008). Intercontinental emergence of Escherichia coli clone O25:H4-ST131 producing CTX-M-15. J Antimicrob Chemother 61: 273-281 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Woodford, N. (2008). Successful, multiresistant bacterial clones. J Antimicrob Chemother 61: 233-234 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sa-Leao, R., Nunes, S., Brito-Avo, A., Alves, C. R., Carrico, J. A., Saldanha, J., Almeida, J. S., Santos-Sanches, I., de Lencastre, H. (2008). High Rates of Transmission of and Colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae within a Day Care Center Revealed in a Longitudinal Study. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46: 225-234 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Del Grosso, M., Northwood, J. G. E., Farrell, D. J., Pantosti, A. (2007). The Macrolide Resistance Genes erm(B) and mef(E) Are Carried by Tn2010 in Dual-Gene Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates Belonging to Clonal Complex CC271. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51: 4184-4186 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Qin, L., Masaki, H., Watanabe, K., Furumoto, A., Watanabe, H. (2007). Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Genetic Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates Indicating Possible Nosocomial Transmission Routes in a Community Hospital in Japan. J. Clin. Microbiol. 45: 3701-3706 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pichichero, M. E., Casey, J. R. (2007). Emergence of a Multiresistant Serotype 19A Pneumococcal Strain Not Included in the 7-Valent Conjugate Vaccine as an Otopathogen in Children. JAMA 298: 1772-1778 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Calatayud, L., Ardanuy, C., Cercenado, E., Fenoll, A., Bouza, E., Pallares, R., Martin, R., Linares, J. (2007). Serotypes, Clones, and Mechanisms of Resistance of Erythromycin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates Collected in Spain. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51: 3240-3246 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Morand, B., Muhlemann, K. (2007). Heteroresistance to penicillin in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 14098-14103 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chi, F., Leider, M., Leendertz, F., Bergmann, C., Boesch, C., Schenk, S., Pauli, G., Ellerbrok, H., Hakenbeck, R. (2007). New Streptococcus pneumoniae Clones in Deceased Wild Chimpanzees. J. Bacteriol. 189: 6085-6088 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sjostrom, K., Blomberg, C., Fernebro, J., Dagerhamn, J., Morfeldt, E., Barocchi, M. A., Browall, S., Moschioni, M., Andersson, M., Henriques, F., Albiger, B., Rappuoli, R., Normark, S., Henriques-Normark, B. (2007). Clonal success of piliated penicillin nonsusceptible pneumococci. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104: 12907-12912 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Izdebski, R., Sadowy, E., Fiett, J., Grzesiowski, P., Gniadkowski, M., Hryniewicz, W. (2007). Clonal Diversity and Resistance Mechanisms in Tetracycline-Nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Poland. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51: 1155-1163 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wolter, N., Smith, A. M., Low, D. E., Klugman, K. P. (2007). High-Level Telithromycin Resistance in a Clinical Isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51: 1092-1095 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gherardi, G., Fallico, L., Del Grosso, M., Bonanni, F., D'Ambrosio, F., Manganelli, R., Palu, G., Dicuonzo, G., Pantosti, A. (2007). Antibiotic-Resistant Invasive Pneumococcal Clones in Italy. J. Clin. Microbiol. 45: 306-312 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sadowy, E., Izdebski, R., Skoczynska, A., Grzesiowski, P., Gniadkowski, M., Hryniewicz, W. (2007). Phenotypic and Molecular Analysis of Penicillin-Nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Poland. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51: 40-47 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Rahman, M., Hossain, S., Shoma, S., Rashid, H., Baqui, A. H., van der Linden, M., Al-Lahham, A., Reinert, R. R. (2006). Emergence of a Unique Multiply-Antibiotic-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 7B Clone in Dhaka, Bangladesh. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44: 4625-4627 [Full Text]  
  • Ardanuy, C., Fenoll, A., Berron, S., Calatayud, L., Linares, J., the Spanish Pneumococcal Infection Study Network, (2006). Increase of the M Phenotype among Erythromycin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Spain Related to the Serotype 14 Variant of the Spain9V-3 Clone.. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50: 3162-3165 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sogstad, M. K. R., Hoiby, E. A., Caugant, D. A. (2006). Molecular Characterization of Non-Penicillin-Susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae in Norway.. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44: 3225-3230 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Clarke, S. C., Jefferies, J. M. C., Smith, A. J., McMenamin, J., Mitchell, T. J., Edwards, G. F. S. (2006). Pneumococci causing invasive disease in children prior to the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Scotland.. J Med Microbiol 55: 1079-1084 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ribes, S., Taberner, F., Domenech, A., Cabellos, C., Tubau, F., Linares, J., Viladrich, P. F., Gudiol, F. (2006). Evaluation of fosfomycin alone and in combination with ceftriaxone or vancomycin in an experimental model of meningitis caused by two strains of cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother 57: 931-936 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Brandileone, M.-C. C., Casagrande, S. T., Guerra, M.-L. L. S., Zanella, R. C., Andrade, A.-L. S. S., Fabio, J.-L. D. (2006). Increase in numbers of {beta}-lactam-resistant invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in Brazil and the impact of conjugate vaccine coverage.. J Med Microbiol 55: 567-574 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Marimon, J. M., Perez-Trallero, E., Ercibengoa, M., Gonzalez, A., Fenoll, A., on behalf of the Spanish Pneumococcal Infection St, (2006). Molecular epidemiology and variants of the multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Spain14-5 international clone among Spanish clinical isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother 57: 654-660 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zemlickova, H., Melter, O., Urbaskova, P. (2006). Epidemiological relationships among penicillin non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae strains recovered in the Czech Republic.. J Med Microbiol 55: 437-442 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Smith, A. J., Jefferies, J., Clarke, S. C., Dowson, C., Edwards, G. F. S., Mitchell, T. J. (2006). Distribution of epidemic antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal clones in Scottish pneumococcal isolates analysed by multilocus sequence typing. Microbiology 152: 361-365 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sa-Leao, R., Simoes, A. S., Nunes, S., Sousa, N. G., Frazao, N., de Lencastre, H. (2006). Identification, prevalence and population structure of non-typable Streptococcus pneumoniae in carriage samples isolated from preschoolers attending day-care centres. Microbiology 152: 367-376 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bogaert, D., Sluijter, M., Toom, N. L.-d., Mitchell, T. J., Goessens, W. H. F., Clarke, S. C., de Groot, R., Hermans, P. W. M. (2006). Dynamics of pneumococcal colonization in healthy Dutch children. Microbiology 152: 377-385 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sadowy, E., Skoczynska, A., Fiett, J., Gniadkowski, M., Hryniewicz, W. (2006). Multilocus sequence types, serotypes, and variants of the surface antigen PspA in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from meningitis patients in Poland.. CVI 13: 139-144 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Cochetti, I., Vecchi, M., Mingoia, M., Tili, E., Catania, M. R., Manzin, A., Varaldo, P. E., Montanari, M. P. (2005). Molecular Characterization of Pneumococci with Efflux-Mediated Erythromycin Resistance and Identification of a Novel mef Gene Subclass, mef(I). Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49: 4999-5006 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Carrico, J. A., Pinto, F. R., Simas, C., Nunes, S., Sousa, N. G., Frazao, N., de Lencastre, H., Almeida, J. S. (2005). Assessment of Band-Based Similarity Coefficients for Automatic Type and Subtype Classification of Microbial Isolates Analyzed by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 5483-5490 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Faccone, D., Andres, P., Galas, M., Tokumoto, M., Rosato, A., Corso, A. (2005). Emergence of a Streptococcus pneumoniae Clinical Isolate Highly Resistant to Telithromycin and Fluoroquinolones. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 5800-5803 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Stanhope, M. J., Walsh, S. L., Becker, J. A., Italia, M. J., Ingraham, K. A., Gwynn, M. N., Mathie, T., Poupard, J. A., Miller, L. A., Brown, J. R., Amrine-Madsen, H. (2005). Molecular Evolution Perspectives on Intraspecific Lateral DNA Transfer of Topoisomerase and Gyrase Loci in Streptococcus pneumoniae, with Implications for Fluoroquinolone Resistance Development and Spread. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49: 4315-4326 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sousa, N. G., Sa-Leao, R., Crisostomo, M. I., Simas, C., Nunes, S., Frazao, N., Carrico, J. A., Mato, R., Santos-Sanches, I., de Lencastre, H. (2005). Properties of Novel International Drug-Resistant Pneumococcal Clones Identified in Day-Care Centers of Lisbon, Portugal. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 4696-4703 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Reinert, R. R., Reinert, S., van der Linden, M., Cil, M. Y., Al-Lahham, A., Appelbaum, P. (2005). Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Eight European Countries from 2001 to 2003. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49: 2903-2913 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ferrandiz, M. J., Ardanuy, C., Linares, J., Garcia-Arenzana, J. M., Cercenado, E., Fleites, A., de la Campa, A. G., the Spanish Pneumococcal Infection Study Network, (2005). New Mutations and Horizontal Transfer of rpoB among Rifampin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae from Four Spanish Hospitals. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49: 2237-2245 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Littauer, P., Sangvik, M., Caugant, D. A., Hoiby, E. A., Simonsen, G. S., Sundsfjord, A., the Norwegian Macrolide Study Group, (2005). Molecular Epidemiology of Macrolide-Resistant Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae Collected from Blood and Respiratory Specimens in Norway. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 2125-2132 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kasahara, K., Maeda, K., Mikasa, K., Uno, K., Takahashi, K., Konishi, M., Yoshimoto, E., Murakawa, K., Kita, E., Kimura, H. (2005). Clonal Dissemination of Macrolide-Resistant and Penicillin-Susceptible Serotype 3 and Penicillin-Resistant Taiwan 19F-14 and 23F-15 Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Japan: a Pilot Surveillance Study. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 1640-1645 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Serrano, I., Melo-Cristino, J., Carrico, J. A., Ramirez, M. (2005). Characterization of the Genetic Lineages Responsible for Pneumococcal Invasive Disease in Portugal. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 1706-1715 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nunes, S., Sa-Leao, R., Carrico, J., Alves, C. R., Mato, R., Avo, A. B., Saldanha, J., Almeida, J. S., Sanches, I. S., de Lencastre, H. (2005). Trends in Drug Resistance, Serotypes, and Molecular Types of Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonizing Preschool-Age Children Attending Day Care Centers in Lisbon, Portugal: a Summary of 4 Years of Annual Surveillance. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 1285-1293 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Reinert, R. R., Ringelstein, A., van der Linden, M., Cil, M. Y., Al-Lahham, A., Schmitz, F.-J. (2005). Molecular Epidemiology of Macrolide-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Europe. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 1294-1300 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bean, D. C., Klena, J. D. (2005). Characterization of major clones of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in New Zealand by multilocus sequence typing. J Antimicrob Chemother 55: 375-378 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ardanuy, C., Tubau, F., Linares, J., Dominguez, M. A., Pallares, R., Martin, R., The Spanish Pneumococcal Infection Study Network, (2005). Distribution of Subclasses mefA and mefE of the mefA Gene among Clinical Isolates of Macrolide-Resistant (M-Phenotype) Streptococcus pneumoniae, Viridans Group Streptococci, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49: 827-829 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Dias, R., Canica, M. (2004). Emergence of invasive erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in Portugal: contribution and phylogenetic relatedness of serotype 14. J Antimicrob Chemother 54: 1035-1039 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Birtles, A., Virgincar, N., Sheppard, C. L, Walker, R. A, Johnson, A. P, Warner, M., Edwards-Jones, V., George, R. C (2004). Antimicrobial resistance of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in a British district general hospital: the international connection. J Med Microbiol 53: 1241-1246 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Clarke, S C, Lawrie, D, Diggle, M A (2004). Genetic relatedness of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci isolated during case clusters. J Med Microbiol 53: 1097-1099 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Clarke, S C, Scott, K J, McChlery, S M (2004). Erythromycin resistance in invasive serotype 14 pneumococci is highly related to clonal type. J Med Microbiol 53: 1101-1103 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pletz, M. W. R., McGee, L., Jorgensen, J., Beall, B., Facklam, R. R., Whitney, C. G., Klugman, K. P. (2004). Levofloxacin-Resistant Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: Evidence for Clonal Spread and the Impact of Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48: 3491-3497 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Decousser, J.-W., Pina, P., Viguier, F., Picot, F., Courvalin, P., Allouch, P. (2004). Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in France: Antimicrobial Resistance, Serotype, and Molecular Epidemiology Findings from a Monthly National Study in 2000 to 2002. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48: 3636-3639 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sulikowska, A., Grzesiowski, P., Sadowy, E., Fiett, J., Hryniewicz, W. (2004). Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis Isolated from the Nasopharynges of Asymptomatic Children and Molecular Analysis of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae Strain Replacement in the Nasopharynx. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 3942-3949 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Schrag, S. J., McGee, L., Whitney, C. G., Beall, B., Craig, A. S., Choate, M. E., Jorgensen, J. H., Facklam, R. R., Klugman, K. P., the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Team, (2004). Emergence of Streptococcus pneumoniae with Very-High-Level Resistance to Penicillin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48: 3016-3023 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Stralin, K., Kaltoft, M. S., Konradsen, H. B., Olcen, P., Holmberg, H. (2004). Comparison of Two Urinary Antigen Tests for Establishment of Pneumococcal Etiology of Adult Community-Acquired Pneumonia. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 3620-3625 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bean, D. C., Ikram, R. B., Klena, J. D. (2004). Molecular characterization of penicillin non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae in Christchurch, New Zealand. J Antimicrob Chemother 54: 122-129 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Song, J.-H., Jung, S.-I., Ko, K. S., Kim, N. Y., Son, J. S., Chang, H.-H., Ki, H. K., Oh, W. S., Suh, J. Y., Peck, K. R., Lee, N. Y., Yang, Y., Lu, Q., Chongthaleong, A., Chiu, C.-H., Lalitha, M. K., Perera, J., Yee, T. T., Kumarasinghe, G., Jamal, F., Kamarulzaman, A., Parasakthi, N., Van, P. H., Carlos, C., So, T., Ng, T. K., Shibl, A. (2004). High Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance among Clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Asia (an ANSORP Study). Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48: 2101-2107 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Trzcinski, K., Thompson, C. M., Lipsitch, M. (2004). Single-Step Capsular Transformation and Acquisition of Penicillin Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. J. Bacteriol. 186: 3447-3452 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hamel, J., Charland, N., Pineau, I., Ouellet, C., Rioux, S., Martin, D., Brodeur, B. R. (2004). Prevention of Pneumococcal Disease in Mice Immunized with Conserved Surface-Accessible Proteins. Infect. Immun. 72: 2659-2670 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Perez-Trallero, E., Marimon, J. M., Gonzalez, A., Vicente, D., Garcia-Arenzana, J. M., on behalf of The Spanish Pneumococcal Infection St, (2004). Spectrum of antibiotic resistance of the Spain14-5 Streptococcus pneumoniae clone over a 22 year period. J Antimicrob Chemother 53: 620-625 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Feil, E. J., Li, B. C., Aanensen, D. M., Hanage, W. P., Spratt, B. G. (2004). eBURST: Inferring Patterns of Evolutionary Descent among Clusters of Related Bacterial Genotypes from Multilocus Sequence Typing Data. J. Bacteriol. 186: 1518-1530 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Song, J.-H., Chang, H.-H., Suh, J. Y., Ko, K. S., Jung, S.-I., Oh, W. S., Peck, K. R., Lee, N. Y., Yang, Y., Chongthaleong, A., Aswapokee, N., Chiu, C.-H., Lalitha, M. K., Perera, J., Yee, T. T., Kumararasinghe, G., Jamal, F., Kamarulazaman, A., Parasakthi, N., Van, P. H., So, T., Ng, T. K., on behalf of the ANSORP Study Group, (2004). Macrolide resistance and genotypic characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Asian countries: a study of the Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP). J Antimicrob Chemother 53: 457-463 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Farrell, D. J., Morrissey, I., Bakker, S., Morris, L., Buckridge, S., Felmingham, D. (2004). Molecular Epidemiology of Multiresistant Streptococcus pneumoniae with Both erm(B)- and mef(A)-Mediated Macrolide Resistance. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 764-768 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • McEllistrem, M. C., Noller, A. C., Visweswaran, S., Adams, J. M., Harrison, L. H. (2004). Serotype 14 Variants of the France 9V-3 Clone from Baltimore, Maryland, Can Be Differentiated by the cpsB Gene. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 250-256 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Trzcinski, K., Thompson, C. M., Lipsitch, M. (2003). Construction of Otherwise Isogenic Serotype 6B, 7F, 14, and 19F Capsular Variants of Streptococcus pneumoniae Strain TIGR4. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 7364-7370 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Greenberg, D., Dagan, R., Muallem, M., Porat, N. (2003). Antibiotic-Resistant Invasive Pediatric Streptococcus pneumoniae Clones in Israel. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 5541-5545 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bogaert, D., Hermans, P. W. M., Grivea, I. N., Katopodis, G. S., Mitchell, T. J., Sluijter, M., de Groot, R., Beratis, N. G., Syrogiannopoulos, G. A. (2003). Molecular Epidemiology of Penicillin-Susceptible Non-{beta}-Lactam-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Greek Children. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 5633-5639 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Johnson, A. P., Sheppard, C. L., Harnett, S. J., Birtles, A., Harrison, T., Brenwald, N. P., Gill, M. J., Walker, R. A., Livermore, D. M., George, R. C. (2003). Emergence of a fluoroquinolone-resistant strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae in England. J Antimicrob Chemother 52: 953-960 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Perez-Trallero, E., Marimon, J. M., Gonzalez, A., Garcia-Rey, C., Aguilar, L. (2003). Genetic Relatedness of Recently Collected Spanish Respiratory Tract Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates with Reduced Susceptibility to Amoxicillin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 47: 3637-3639 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Reinert, R. R., Muckel, S., Al-Lahham, A., Spratt, B. G., Brueggemann, A. B., Hakenbeck, R., Lutticken, R. (2003). Characterization of German penicillin non-susceptible serotype 23F pneumococci using multilocus sequence typing. J Med Microbiol 52: 981-987 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Watanabe, H., Asoh, N., Hoshino, K., Watanabe, K., Oishi, K., Kositsakulchai, W., Sanchai, T., Kunsuikmengrai, K., Kahintapong, S., Khantawa, B., Tharavichitkul, P., Sirisanthana, T., Nagatake, T. (2003). Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Serotype Distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Serotype 19F, 6B, and 23F Pneumococci in Northern Thailand. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 4178-4183 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gertz, R. E. Jr., McEllistrem, M. C., Boxrud, D. J., Li, Z., Sakota, V., Thompson, T. A., Facklam, R. R., Besser, J. M., Harrison, L. H., Whitney, C. G., Beall, B. (2003). Clonal Distribution of Invasive Pneumococcal Isolates from Children and Selected Adults in the United States Prior to 7-Valent Conjugate Vaccine Introduction. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 4194-4216 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bennett, D., Lennon, B., Humphreys, H., Cafferkey, M. (2003). Penicillin Susceptibility and Epidemiological Typing of Invasive Pneumococcal Isolates in the Republic of Ireland. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 3641-3648 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Balsalobre, L., Ferrandiz, M. J., Linares, J., Tubau, F., de la Campa, A. G. (2003). Viridans Group Streptococci Are Donors in Horizontal Transfer of Topoisomerase IV Genes to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 47: 2072-2081 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gherardi, G., Del Grosso, M., Scotto d'Abusco, A., D'Ambrosio, F., Dicuonzo, G., Pantosti, A. (2003). Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Two Penicillin-Susceptible Serotype 6B Streptococcus pneumoniae Clones Circulating in Italy. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 2855-2861 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Johnson, C. N., Benjamin, W. H. Jr., Moser, S. A., Hollingshead, S. K., Zheng, X., Crain, M. J., Nahm, M. H., Waites, K. B. (2003). Genetic Relatedness of Levofloxacin-Nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from North America. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 2458-2464 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • de la Campa, A. G., Ferrandiz, M.-J., Tubau, F., Pallares, R., Manresa, F., Linares, J. (2003). Genetic Characterization of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Strains Isolated during Ciprofloxacin Therapy from a Patient with Bronchiectasis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 47: 1419-1422 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Morrissey, I., Farrell, D. J., Bakker, S., Buckridge, S., Felmingham, D. (2003). Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant or -Susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae from Hong Kong. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 47: 1433-1435 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Dobay, O., Rozgonyi, F., Hajdu, E., Nagy, E., Knausz, M., Amyes, S. G. B. (2003). Antibiotic susceptibility and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Hungary. J Antimicrob Chemother 51: 887-893 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Perez-Trallero, E., Marimon, J. M., Gonzalez, A., Iglesias, L. (2003). Spain14-5 international multiresistant Streptococcus pneumoniae clone resistant to fluoroquinolones and other families of antibiotics. J Antimicrob Chemother 51: 715-719 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Canica, M., Dias, R., Vaz-Pato, M. V., Carvalho, C. (2003). Two major Spanish clones of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Portuguese isolates of clinical origin. J Antimicrob Chemother 51: 409-414 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Meats, E., Brueggemann, A. B., Enright, M. C., Sleeman, K., Griffiths, D. T., Crook, D. W., Spratt, B. G. (2003). Stability of Serotypes during Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 386-392 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Robinson, D. A., Briles, D. E., Crain, M. J., Hollingshead, S. K. (2002). Evolution and Virulence of Serogroup 6 Pneumococci on a Global Scale. J. Bacteriol. 184: 6367-6375 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Parry, C. M., Duong, N. M., Zhou, J., Mai, N. T. H., Diep, T. S., Thinh, L. Q., Wain, J., Van Vinh Chau, N., Griffiths, D., Day, N. P. J., White, N. J., Hien, T. T., Spratt, B. G., Farrar, J. J. (2002). Emergence in Vietnam of Streptococcus pneumoniae Resistant to Multiple Antimicrobial Agents as a Result of Dissemination of the Multiresistant Spain23F-1 Clone. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46: 3512-3517 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gamboa, L., Camou, T., Hortal, M., Castaneda, E. (2002). Dissemination of Streptococcus pneumoniae Clone Colombia5-19 in Latin America. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 3942-3950 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sa-Leao, R., Tomasz, A., Santos Sanches, I., de Lencastre, H. (2002). Pilot Study of the Genetic Diversity of the Pneumococcal Nasopharyngeal Flora among Children Attending Day Care Centers. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 3577-3585 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Dicuonzo, G., Gherardi, G., Gertz, R. E., D'Ambrosio, F., Goglio, A., Lorino, G., Recchia, S., Pantosti, A., Beall, B. (2002). Genotypes of Invasive Pneumococcal Isolates Recently Recovered from Italian Patients. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 3660-3665 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • du Plessis, M., Bingen, E., Klugman, K. P. (2002). Analysis of Penicillin-Binding Protein Genes of Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae with Reduced Susceptibility to Amoxicillin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46: 2349-2357 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»