This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Pfaller, M. A.
Right arrow Articles by SENTRY Participant Group
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Pfaller, M. A.
Right arrow Articles by SENTRY Participant Group,

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, September 2001, p. 3254-3259, Vol. 39, No. 9
0095-1137/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.9.3254-3259.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

International Surveillance of Bloodstream Infections Due to Candida Species: Frequency of Occurrence and In Vitro Susceptibilities to Fluconazole, Ravuconazole, and Voriconazole of Isolates Collected from 1997 through 1999 in the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program

M. A. Pfaller,1,* D. J. Diekema,1,2 R. N. Jones,1,dagger H. S. Sader,3 A. C. Fluit,4 R. J. Hollis,1 S. A. Messer,1 and The SENTRY Participant Group

Departments of Pathology1 and Medicine,2 University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa; Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo/EPM Sao Paulo, Brazil3; and University Hospital Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands4

Received 20 November 2000/Returned for modification 19 April 2001/Accepted 29 May 2001

A surveillance program (SENTRY) of bloodstream infections (BSI) in the United States, Canada, Latin America, and Europe from 1997 through 1999 detected 1,184 episodes of candidemia in 71 medical centers (32 in the United States, 23 in Europe, 9 in Latin America, and 7 in Canada). Overall, 55% of the yeast BSIs were due to Candida albicans, followed by Candida glabrata and Candida parapsilosis (15%), Candida tropicalis (9%), and miscellaneous Candida spp. (6%). In the United States, 45% of candidemias were due to non-C. albicans species. C. glabrata (21%) was the most common non-C. albicans species in the United States, and the proportion of non-C. albicans BSIs was highest in Latin America (55%). C. albicans accounted for 60% of BSI in Canada and 58% in Europe. C. parapsilosis was the most common non-C. albicans species in Latin America (25%), Canada (16%), and Europe (17%). Isolates of C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis were all highly susceptible to fluconazole (97 to 100% at <= 8 µg/ml). Likewise, 97 to 100% of these species were inhibited by <= 1 µg/ml of ravuconazole (concentration at which 50% were inhibited [MIC50], 0.007 to 0.03 µg/ml) or voriconazole (MIC50, 0.007 to 0.06 µg/ml). Both ravuconazole and voriconazole were significantly more active than fluconazole against C. glabrata (MIC90s of 0.5 to 1.0 µg/ml versus 16 to 32 µg/ml, respectively). A trend of increased susceptibility of C. glabrata to fluconazole was noted over the three-year period. The percentage of C. glabrata isolates susceptible to fluconazole increased from 48% in 1997 to 84% in 1999, and MIC50s decreased from 16 to 4 µg/ml. A similar trend was documented in both the Americas (57 to 84% susceptible) and Europe (22 to 80% susceptible). Some geographic differences in susceptibility to triazole were observed with Canadian isolates generally more susceptible than isolates from the United States and Europe. These observations suggest susceptibility patterns and trends among yeast isolates from BSI and raise additional questions that can be answered only by continued surveillance and clinical investigations of the type reported here (SENTRY Program).

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Medical Microbiology Division, C606 GH, Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242. Phone: (319) 384-9566. Fax: (319) 356-4916. E-mail: michael-pfaller{at}uiowa.edu.

dagger Present address: Beaver Kreek Centre, Suite A, North Liberty, IA 52317.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, September 2001, p. 3254-3259, Vol. 39, No. 9
0095-1137/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.9.3254-3259.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Bassetti, M., Ansaldi, F., Nicolini, L., Malfatto, E., Molinari, M. P., Mussap, M., Rebesco, B., Bobbio Pallavicini, F., Icardi, G., Viscoli, C. (2009). Incidence of candidaemia and relationship with fluconazole use in an intensive care unit. J Antimicrob Chemother 64: 625-629 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Messer, S. A., Moet, G. J., Kirby, J. T., Jones, R. N. (2009). Activity of Contemporary Antifungal Agents, Including the Novel Echinocandin Anidulafungin, Tested against Candida spp., Cryptococcus spp., and Aspergillus spp.: Report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (2006 to 2007). J. Clin. Microbiol. 47: 1942-1946 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Dimopoulos, G., Velegraki, A., Falagas, M. E. (2009). A 10-Year Survey of Antifungal Susceptibility of Candidemia Isolates from Intensive Care Unit Patients in Greece. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53: 1242-1244 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tay, S. T., Na, S. L., Chong, J. (2009). Molecular differentiation and antifungal susceptibilities of Candida parapsilosis isolated from patients with bloodstream infections. J Med Microbiol 58: 185-191 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Karam, G. H. (2009). Infections in AIDS Patients and Other Immunocompromised Hosts. ACCP Crit Care Med Brd Rev 20: 13-40 [Full Text]  
  • Trofa, D., Gacser, A., Nosanchuk, J. D. (2008). Candida parapsilosis, an Emerging Fungal Pathogen. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 21: 606-625 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gulshan, K., Schmidt, J. A., Shahi, P., Moye-Rowley, W. S. (2008). Evidence for the Bifunctional Nature of Mitochondrial Phosphatidylserine Decarboxylase: Role in Pdr3-Dependent Retrograde Regulation of PDR5 Expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 28: 5851-5864 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chowdhry, R., Marshall, W. L. (2008). Analytical Reviews: Antifungal Therapies in the Intensive Care Unit. J Intensive Care Med 23: 151-158 [Abstract]  
  • Angiolella, L., Stringaro, A. R., De Bernardis, F., Posteraro, B., Bonito, M., Toccacieli, L., Torosantucci, A., Colone, M., Sanguinetti, M., Cassone, A., Palamara, A. T. (2008). Increase of Virulence and Its Phenotypic Traits in Drug-Resistant Strains of Candida albicans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 52: 927-936 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Schelenz, S. (2008). Management of candidiasis in the intensive care unit. J Antimicrob Chemother 61: i31-i34 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gulshan, K., Moye-Rowley, W. S. (2007). Multidrug Resistance in Fungi. Eukaryot Cell 6: 1933-1942 [Full Text]  
  • Cascio, G. L., Dalle Carbonare, L., Maccacaro, L., Caliari, F., Ligozzi, M., Cascio, V. L., Fontana, R. (2007). First Case of Bloodstream Infection Due to Candida magnoliae in a Chinese Oncological Patient. J. Clin. Microbiol. 45: 3470-3473 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Parkins, M. D., Sabuda, D. M., Elsayed, S., Laupland, K. B. (2007). Adequacy of empirical antifungal therapy and effect on outcome among patients with invasive Candida species infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 60: 613-618 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gregori, C., Schuller, C., Roetzer, A., Schwarzmuller, T., Ammerer, G., Kuchler, K. (2007). The High-Osmolarity Glycerol Response Pathway in the Human Fungal Pathogen Candida glabrata Strain ATCC 2001 Lacks a Signaling Branch That Operates in Baker's Yeast. Eukaryot Cell 6: 1635-1645 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lin, C.-Y., Chen, Y.-C., Lo, H.-J., Chen, K.-W., Li, S.-Y. (2007). Assessment of Candida glabrata Strain Relatedness by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Multilocus Sequence Typing. J. Clin. Microbiol. 45: 2452-2459 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Rossignol, T., Logue, M. E., Reynolds, K., Grenon, M., Lowndes, N. F., Butler, G. (2007). Transcriptional Response of Candida parapsilosis following Exposure to Farnesol. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51: 2304-2312 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Metwally, L., Hogg, G., Coyle, P. V., Hay, R. J., Hedderwick, S., McCloskey, B., O'Neill, H. J., Ong, G. M., Thompson, G., Webb, C. H., McMullan, R. (2007). Rapid differentiation between fluconazole-sensitive and -resistant species of Candida directly from positive blood-culture bottles by real-time PCR. J Med Microbiol 56: 964-970 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tumbarello, M., Posteraro, B., Trecarichi, E. M., Fiori, B., Rossi, M., Porta, R., de Gaetano Donati, K., La Sorda, M., Spanu, T., Fadda, G., Cauda, R., Sanguinetti, M. (2007). Biofilm Production by Candida Species and Inadequate Antifungal Therapy as Predictors of Mortality for Patients with Candidemia. J. Clin. Microbiol. 45: 1843-1850 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tavanti, A., Hensgens, L. A. M., Ghelardi, E., Campa, M., Senesi, S. (2007). Genotyping of Candida orthopsilosis Clinical Isolates by Amplification Fragment Length Polymorphism Reveals Genetic Diversity among Independent Isolates and Strain Maintenance within Patients. J. Clin. Microbiol. 45: 1455-1462 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • da Matta, V. L. R., Melhem, M. d. S. C., Colombo, A. L., Moretti, M. L., Rodero, L., de Almeida, G. M. D., Martins, M. d. A., Costa, S. F., Souza Dias, M. B. G., Nucci, M., Levin, A. S. (2007). Antifungal Drug Susceptibility Profile of Pichia anomala Isolates from Patients Presenting with Nosocomial Fungemia. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 51: 1573-1576 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kocsube, S., Toth, M., Vagvolgyi, C., Doczi, I., Pesti, M., Pocsi, I., Szabo, J., Varga, J. (2007). Occurrence and genetic variability of Candida parapsilosis sensu lato in Hungary. J Med Microbiol 56: 190-195 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mokaddas, E. M., Al-Sweih, N. A., Khan, Z. U. (2007). Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Candida bloodstream isolates in Kuwait: a 10-year study. J Med Microbiol 56: 255-259 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Li, J., Xu, Y.-C., Bai, F.-Y. (2006). Candida pseudorugosa sp. nov., a Novel Yeast Species from Sputum. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44: 4486-4490 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Aliyu, S.H., Enoch, D.A., Abubakar, I.I., Ali, R., Carmichael, A.J., Farrington, M., Lever, A.M.L. (2006). Candidaemia in a large teaching hospital: a clinical audit. QJM 99: 655-663 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Almirante, B., Rodriguez, D., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Almela, M., Sanchez, F., Ayats, J., Alonso-Tarres, C., Rodriguez-Tudela, J. L., Pahissa, A., the Barcelona Candidemia Project Study Group, (2006). Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Prognosis of Candida parapsilosis Bloodstream Infections: Case-Control Population-Based Surveillance Study of Patients in Barcelona, Spain, from 2002 to 2003.. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44: 1681-1685 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Messer, S. A., Jones, R. N., Fritsche, T. R. (2006). International Surveillance of Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp.: Report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (2003).. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44: 1782-1787 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Sheehan, D. J. (2006). Interpretive Breakpoints for Fluconazole and Candida Revisited: a Blueprint for the Future of Antifungal Susceptibility Testing. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 19: 435-447 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Magill, S. S., Shields, C., Sears, C. L., Choti, M., Merz, W. G. (2006). Triazole Cross-Resistance among Candida spp.: Case Report, Occurrence among Bloodstream Isolates, and Implications for Antifungal Therapy. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44: 529-535 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pitarch, A., Jimenez, A., Nombela, C., Gil, C. (2006). Decoding Serological Response to Candida Cell Wall Immunome into Novel Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Candidates for Systemic Candidiasis by Proteomic and Bioinformatic Analyses. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 5: 79-96 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pfaller, M. A., Boyken, L., Messer, S. A., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., Diekema, D. J. (2005). Comparison of Results of Voriconazole Disk Diffusion Testing for Candida Species with Results from a Central Reference Laboratory in the ARTEMIS Global Antifungal Surveillance Program. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 5208-5213 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wilson, D. A., Joyce, M. J., Hall, L. S., Reller, L. B., Roberts, G. D., Hall, G. S., Alexander, B. D., Procop, G. W. (2005). Multicenter Evaluation of a Candida albicans Peptide Nucleic Acid Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization Probe for Characterization of Yeast Isolates from Blood Cultures. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 2909-2912 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Logue, M. E., Wong, S., Wolfe, K. H., Butler, G. (2005). A Genome Sequence Survey Shows that the Pathogenic Yeast Candida parapsilosis Has a Defective MTLa1 Allele at Its Mating Type Locus. Eukaryot Cell 4: 1009-1017 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Almirante, B., Rodriguez, D., Park, B. J., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Planes, A. M., Almela, M., Mensa, J., Sanchez, F., Ayats, J., Gimenez, M., Saballs, P., Fridkin, S. K., Morgan, J., Rodriguez-Tudela, J. L., Warnock, D. W., Pahissa, A., the Barcelona Candidemia Project Study Group, (2005). Epidemiology and Predictors of Mortality in Cases of Candida Bloodstream Infection: Results from Population-Based Surveillance, Barcelona, Spain, from 2002 to 2003. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 1829-1835 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sanguinetti, M., Posteraro, B., Fiori, B., Ranno, S., Torelli, R., Fadda, G. (2005). Mechanisms of Azole Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Candida glabrata Collected during a Hospital Survey of Antifungal Resistance. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 49: 668-679 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Cuenca-Estrella, M., Rodriguez, D., Almirante, B., Morgan, J., Planes, A. M., Almela, M., Mensa, J., Sanchez, F., Ayats, J., Gimenez, M., Salvado, M., Warnock, D. W., Pahissa, A., Rodriguez-Tudela, J. L., on behalf of the Barcelona Candidemia Project Stud, (2005). In vitro susceptibilities of bloodstream isolates of Candida species to six antifungal agents: results from a population-based active surveillance programme, Barcelona, Spain, 2002-2003. J Antimicrob Chemother 55: 194-199 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Burn, A. K., Fothergill, A. W., Kirkpatrick, W. R., Coco, B. J., Patterson, T. F., McCarthy, D. I., Rinaldi, M. G., Redding, S. W. (2004). Comparison of Antifungal Susceptibilities to Fluconazole and Voriconazole of Oral Candida glabrata Isolates from Head and Neck Radiation Patients. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 5846-5848 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mateus, C., Crow, S. A. Jr., Ahearn, D. G. (2004). Adherence of Candida albicans to Silicone Induces Immediate Enhanced Tolerance to Fluconazole. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48: 3358-3366 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., Diekema, D. J. (2004). Geographic Variation in the Susceptibilities of Invasive Isolates of Candida glabrata to Seven Systemically Active Antifungal Agents: a Global Assessment from the ARTEMIS Antifungal Surveillance Program Conducted in 2001 and 2002. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 3142-3146 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Krause, D. S., Reinhardt, J., Vazquez, J. A., Reboli, A., Goldstein, B. P., Wible, M., Henkel, T. (2004). Phase 2, Randomized, Dose-Ranging Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Anidulafungin in Invasive Candidiasis and Candidemia. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48: 2021-2024 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Robles, J. C., Koreen, L., Park, S., Perlin, D. S. (2004). Multilocus Sequence Typing Is a Reliable Alternative Method to DNA Fingerprinting for Discriminating among Strains of Candida albicans. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 2480-2488 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Li, M., Martin, S. J., Bruno, V. M., Mitchell, A. P., Davis, D. A. (2004). Candida albicans Rim13p, a Protease Required for Rim101p Processing at Acidic and Alkaline pHs. Eukaryot Cell 3: 741-751 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Iwen, P. C., Freifeld, A. G., Bruening, T. A., Hinrichs, S. H. (2004). Use of a Panfungal PCR Assay for Detection of Fungal Pathogens in a Commercial Blood Culture System. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 2292-2293 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hajjeh, R. A., Sofair, A. N., Harrison, L. H., Lyon, G. M., Arthington-Skaggs, B. A., Mirza, S. A., Phelan, M., Morgan, J., Lee-Yang, W., Ciblak, M. A., Benjamin, L. E., Thomson Sanza, L., Huie, S., Yeo, S. F., Brandt, M. E., Warnock, D. W. (2004). Incidence of Bloodstream Infections Due to Candida Species and In Vitro Susceptibilities of Isolates Collected from 1998 to 2000 in a Population-Based Active Surveillance Program. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 1519-1527 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Moosa, M.-Y. S., Sobel, J. D., Elhalis, H., Du, W., Akins, R. A. (2004). Fungicidal Activity of Fluconazole against Candida albicans in a Synthetic Vagina-Simulative Medium. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48: 161-167 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pujol, C., Pfaller, M. A., Soll, D. R. (2004). Flucytosine Resistance Is Restricted to a Single Genetic Clade of Candida albicans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 48: 262-266 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Selvarangan, R., Bui, U., Limaye, A. P., Cookson, B. T. (2003). Rapid Identification of Commonly Encountered Candida Species Directly from Blood Culture Bottles. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 5660-5664 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Dodgson, A. R., Pujol, C., Denning, D. W., Soll, D. R., Fox, A. J. (2003). Multilocus Sequence Typing of Candida glabrata Reveals Geographically Enriched Clades. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 5709-5717 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Rice, C., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J., Diekema, D. J. (2003). Caspofungin Activity against Clinical Isolates of Fluconazole-Resistant Candida. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 5729-5731 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Michalopoulos, A. S., Geroulanos, S., Mentzelopoulos, S. D. (2003). Determinants of Candidemia and Candidemia-Related Death in Cardiothoracic ICU Patients. Chest 124: 2244-2255 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • De Las Penas, A., Pan, S.-J., Castano, I., Alder, J., Cregg, R., Cormack, B. P. (2003). Virulence-related surface glycoproteins in the yeast pathogen Candida glabrata are encoded in subtelomeric clusters and subject to RAP1- and SIR-dependent transcriptional silencing. Genes Dev. 17: 2245-2258 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Boyken, L., Messer, S. A., Tendolkar, S., Hollis, R. J. (2003). Evaluation of the Etest and Disk Diffusion Methods for Determining Susceptibilities of 235 Bloodstream Isolates of Candida glabrata to Fluconazole and Voriconazole. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 1875-1880 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nelson, S. M., Cartwright, C. P. (2003). Detection of Fluconazole-Resistant Isolates of Candida glabrata by Using an Agar Screen Assay. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 2141-2143 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Castano, I., Kaur, R., Pan, S., Cregg, R., Penas, A. D. L., Guo, N., Biery, M. C., Craig, N. L., Cormack, B. P. (2003). Tn7-Based Genome-Wide Random Insertional Mutagenesis of Candida glabrata. Genome Res 13: 905-915 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Hollis, R. J. (2003). Activities of Fluconazole and Voriconazole against 1,586 Recent Clinical Isolates of Candida Species Determined by Broth Microdilution, Disk Diffusion, and Etest Methods: Report from The ARTEMIS Global Antifungal Susceptibility Program, 2001. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 1440-1446 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Brun, S., Aubry, C., Lima, O., Filmon, R., Berges, T., Chabasse, D., Bouchara, J.-P. (2003). Relationships between Respiration and Susceptibility to Azole Antifungals in Candida glabrata. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 47: 847-853 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Maxwell, M. J., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Boyken, L., Tendolkar, S., Diekema, D. J., Pfaller, M. A. (2003). Evaluation of Etest Method for Determining Fluconazole and Voriconazole MICs for 279 Clinical Isolates of Candida Species Infrequently Isolated from Blood. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 1087-1090 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Barchiesi, F., Caggiano, G., Maracci, M., Arzeni, D., Scalise, G., Montagna, M. T. (2003). Antifungal susceptibility patterns of yeast isolates causing bloodstream infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 51: 431-433 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sobel, J. D., Zervos, M., Reed, B. D., Hooton, T., Soper, D., Nyirjesy, P., Heine, M. W., Willems, J., Panzer, H. (2003). Fluconazole Susceptibility of Vaginal Isolates Obtained from Women with Complicated Candida Vaginitis: Clinical Implications. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 47: 34-38 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Hollis, R. J., Jones, R. N. (2003). In Vitro Activities of Voriconazole, Posaconazole, and Four Licensed Systemic Antifungal Agents against Candida Species Infrequently Isolated from Blood. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 78-83 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Maxwell, M. J., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Diekema, D. J., Pfaller, M. A. (2003). Evaluation of Etest Method for Determining Voriconazole and Amphotericin B MICs for 162 Clinical Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 97-99 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Warn, P. A., Sharp, A., Morrissey, G., Denning, D. W. (2002). In vivo activity of micafungin in a persistently neutropenic murine model of disseminated infection caused by Candida tropicalis. J Antimicrob Chemother 50: 1071-1074 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Munson, E. L., Troy, D. R., Weber, J. K., Messer, S. A., Pfaller, M. A. (2002). Presumptive Identification of Candida kefyr on Levine Formulation of Eosin Methylene Blue Agar. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 4281-4284 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J. (2002). Role of Sentinel Surveillance of Candidemia: Trends in Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 3551-3557 [Full Text]  
  • Asmundsdottir, L. R., Erlendsdottir, H., Gottfredsson, M. (2002). Increasing Incidence of Candidemia: Results from a 20-Year Nationwide Study in Iceland. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 3489-3492 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pujol, C., Pfaller, M., Soll, D. R. (2002). Ca3 Fingerprinting of Candida albicans Bloodstream Isolates from the United States, Canada, South America, and Europe Reveals a European Clade. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 2729-2740 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Morace, G., Amato, G., Bistoni, F., Fadda, G., Marone, P., Montagna, M. T., Oliveri, S., Polonelli, L., Rigoli, R., Mancuso, I., La Face, S., Masucci, L., Romano, L., Napoli, C., Tato, D., Buscema, M. G., Belli, C. M. C., Piccirillo, M. M., Conti, S., Covan, S., Fanti, F., Cavanna, C., D'Alo, F., Pitzurra, L. (2002). Multicenter Comparative Evaluation of Six Commercial Systems and the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M27-A Broth Microdilution Method for Fluconazole Susceptibility Testing of Candida Species. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 2953-2958 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • DOCZI, I., DOSA, E., HAJDU, E., NAGY, E. (2002). Aetiology and antifungal susceptibility of yeast bloodstream infections in a Hungarian university hospital between 1996 and 2000. J Med Microbiol 51: 677-681 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • (2002). Voriconazole. JWatch Infect. Diseases 2002: 5-5 [Full Text]  
  • Verweij, P. E., Te Dorsthorst, D. T. A., Rijs, A. J. M. M., De Vries-Hospers, H. G., Meis, J. F. G. M. (2002). Nationwide Survey of In Vitro Activities of Itraconazole and Voriconazole against Clinical Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates Cultured between 1945 and 1998. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 2648-2650 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Cuenca-Estrella, M., Rodero, L., Garcia-Effron, G., Rodriguez-Tudela, J. L. (2002). Antifungal susceptibilities of Candida spp. isolated from blood in Spain and Argentina, 1996-1999. J Antimicrob Chemother 49: 981-987 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Jones, R. N., Diekema, D. J. (2002). In Vitro Activities of Ravuconazole and Voriconazole Compared with Those of Four Approved Systemic Antifungal Agents against 6,970 Clinical Isolates of Candida spp.. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46: 1723-1727 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Rigby, S., Procop, G. W., Haase, G., Wilson, D., Hall, G., Kurtzman, C., Oliveira, K., Von Oy, S., Hyldig-Nielsen, J. J., Coull, J., Stender, H. (2002). Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization with Peptide Nucleic Acid Probes for Rapid Identification of Candida albicans Directly from Blood Culture Bottles. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 2182-2186 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gallardo-Moreno, A. M., Gonzalez-Martin, M. L., Perez-Giraldo, C., Garduno, E., Bruque, J. M., Gomez-Garcia, A. C. (2002). Thermodynamic Analysis of Growth Temperature Dependence in the Adhesion of Candida parapsilosis to Polystyrene. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68: 2610-2613 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Messer, S. A., Boyken, L., Huynh, H., Hollis, R. J. (2002). Clinical Evaluation of a Frozen Commercially Prepared Microdilution Panel for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Seven Antifungal Agents, Including the New Triazoles Posaconazole, Ravuconazole, and Voriconazole. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 1694-1697 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pfaller, M. A., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J., Jones, R. N. (2002). Antifungal Activities of Posaconazole, Ravuconazole, and Voriconazole Compared to Those of Itraconazole and Amphotericin B against 239 Clinical Isolates of Aspergillus spp. and Other Filamentous Fungi: Report from SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 2000. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46: 1032-1037 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Diekema, D. J., Messer, S. A., Brueggemann, A. B., Coffman, S. L., Doern, G. V., Herwaldt, L. A., Pfaller, M. A. (2002). Epidemiology of Candidemia: 3-Year Results from the Emerging Infections and the Epidemiology of Iowa Organisms Study. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 1298-1302 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pfaller, M. A., Diekema, D. J., Jones, R. N., Messer, S. A., Hollis, R. J. (2002). Trends in Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida spp. Isolated from Pediatric and Adult Patients with Bloodstream Infections: SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997 to 2000. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 852-856 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»