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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, September 2001, p. 3296-3302, Vol. 39, No. 9
0095-1137/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.9.3296-3302.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Antifungal Effects of Lysozyme and Lactoferrin against Genetically Similar, Sequential Candida albicans Isolates from a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Southern Chinese Cohort

Y. H. Samaranayake,1 L. P. Samaranayake,1,* E. H. N. Pow,2 V. T. Beena,1 and K. W. S. Yeung1

Oral Bio-Sciences1 and Oral Rehabilitation,2 Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China

Received 4 January 2001/Returned for modification 14 May 2001/Accepted 3 July 2001

A variety of innate defense factors in saliva such as lysozyme and lactoferrin contribute to mucosal protection and modulate Candida populations in the oral cavity. It is also known that in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals significant variations in the concentrations of lysozyme and lactoferrin in saliva occur during disease progression. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility to human lactoferrin and hen egg white lysozyme of genotypically similar oral Candida albicans isolates obtained from six HIV-infected ethnic Chinese during sequential visits over a 12-month period. The similarity of the genotypes (50 in total) was evaluated using a randomly amplified polymorphic DNA assay. A blastospore viability assay was performed to evaluate the sensitivity of the organisms to lysozyme and lactoferrin. Exposure to physiological concentrations of either lysozyme (30 µg/ml) or lactoferrin (20 µg/ml) caused a rapid loss of viability among all isolates to a varying extent. None of the sequential C. albicans isolates demonstrated significant differences in sensitivity to either protein from one visit to the next; similar results were noted when the different genotypes from the same individual were compared. On Spearman correlation analysis of two genotypes that were sequentially isolated from a single patient, a significant negative correlation between lysozyme (r = -0.88; P < 0.02) (but not lactoferrin) resistance and the duration of HIV disease was seen. These results imply that a minority of C. albicans isolates that persist intraorally in individuals with HIV disease develop progressive resistance to innate salivary antifungal defenses such as lysozyme, possibly as an adaptive response. However, the vast majority of the Candida isolates appear to succumb to these nonspecific host immune mediators abundantly present in the oral environment.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Oral Bio-Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Rd., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. Phone: (852) 2859-0480. Fax: (852) 2547-6133. E-mail: lakshman{at}hkucc.hku.hk.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, September 2001, p. 3296-3302, Vol. 39, No. 9
0095-1137/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.9.3296-3302.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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