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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, October 2002, p. 3782-3788, Vol. 40, No. 10
0095-1137/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.10.3782-3788.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Serodiagnosis of Tuberculosis: Comparison of Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Response to Sulfolipid I with IgG and IgM Responses to 2,3-Diacyltrehalose, 2,3,6-Triacyltrehalose, and Cord Factor Antigens

Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Ciències i Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra,¹ Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona,² Programa de Control i Prevenció de la Tuberculosi, Departament de Salut i Seguretat Social, Barcelona, Spain,³ Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale du CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France⁴

Received 30 January 2002/ Returned for modification 30 June 2002/ Accepted 25 July 2002

Nonpeptidic antigens from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall are the focus of extensive studies to determine their potential role as protective antigens or serological markers of tuberculous disease. Regarding this latter role and using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we have made a comparative study of the immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA antibody responses to four trehalose-containing glycolipids purified from M. tuberculosis: diacyltrehaloses, triacyltrehaloses, cord factor, and sulfolipid I (SL-I). Sera from 92 tuberculosis patients (taken before starting antituberculosis treatment) and a wide group of control individuals (84 sera from healthy donors, including purified protein derivative-negative, -positive, healed, and vaccinated individuals, and 52 sera from nontuberculous pneumonia patients), all from Spain, were studied. The results indicated a significantly elevated IgG and IgA antibody response in tuberculosis patients, compared with controls, with all the antigens used. SL-I was the best antigen studied, showing test sensitivities and specificities for IgG of 81 and 77.6%, respectively, and of 66 and 87.5% for IgA. Using this antigen and combining IgA and IgG antibody detection, high test specificity was achieved (93.7%) with a sensitivity of 67.5%. Currently, it is widely accepted that it is not possible to achieve sensitivities above 80% in tuberculosis serodiagnosis when using one antigen alone. Thus, we conclude that SL-I, in combination with other antigenic molecules, could be a useful antigen for tuberculosis serodiagnosis.

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