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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, December 2002, p. 4536-4543, Vol. 40, No. 12
0095-1137/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.12.4536-4543.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Helicobacter cetorum sp. nov., a Urease-Positive Helicobacter Species Isolated from Dolphins and Whales

C. G. Harper,1 Y. Feng,1 S. Xu,1 N. S. Taylor,1 M. Kinsel,2 F. E. Dewhirst,3 B. J. Paster,3 M. Greenwell,4 G. Levine,5 A. Rogers,1 and J. G. Fox1*

Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,1 Zoological Pathology Program, University of Illinois, Maywood, Illinois 60153,2 John G. Shedd Aquarium, Chicago, Illinois 60605,4 Dolphin Quest, Oahu, Hawaii 96795,5 Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 021153

Received 14 June 2002/ Returned for modification 18 August 2002/ Accepted 30 August 2002

A novel helicobacter with the proposed name Helicobacter cetorum, sp. nov. (type strain MIT 99-5656; GenBank accession number AF 292378), was cultured from the main stomach of two wild, stranded Atlantic white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus acutus) and from the feces of three captive cetaceans (a Pacific white-sided dolphin [Lagenorhynchus obliquidens]; an Atlantic bottlenose dolphin [Tursiops truncatus]; and a beluga whale [Delphinapterus leucas]). The infected captive cetaceans were either subclinical, or clinical signs included intermittent regurgitation, inappetance, weight loss, and lethargy. Ulcers were observed in the esophagus and forestomach during endoscopic examination in two of the three captive animals. In the third animal, esophageal linear erosions were visualized endoscopically, and histopathological evaluation of the main stomach revealed multifocal lymphoplasmacytic gastritis with silver-stained spiral-shaped bacteria. Helicobacter cetorum is a fusiform gram-negative bacterium with a single bipolar flagellum. The isolates grow under microaerobic conditions at 37 and 42°C but not at 25°C. H. cetorum is urease, catalase, and oxidase positive, and it is sensitive to cephalothin. The isolates from the wild, stranded dolphins were sensitive to nalidixic acid, whereas the isolates from the collection animals were resistant. By 16S rRNA sequencing it was determined that H. cetorum represented a distinct taxon that clusters most closely with H. pylori. Further studies are necessary to determine the role of H. cetorum in the development of gastric ulcers and gastritis of cetaceans. This is the first description and formal naming of a novel Helicobacter species from a marine mammal.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Bldg. 16, Rm. 825C, Cambridge, MA 02139. Phone: (617) 253-1757. Fax: (617) 258-5708. E-mail: jgfox{at}mit.edu.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, December 2002, p. 4536-4543, Vol. 40, No. 12
0095-1137/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.12.4536-4543.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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