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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, March 2002, p. 1044-1047, Vol. 40, No. 3
0095-1137/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.3.1044-1047.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Periodontal Bacteria in Rabbit Mandibular and Maxillary Abscesses

Kerin L. Tyrrell,^1* Diane M. Citron,² Jeffrey R. Jenkins,² Ellie J. C. Goldstein,¹ and Veterinary Study Group^,

R.M. Alden Research Laboratory, UCLA/Santa Monica Medical Center, Santa Monica,¹ Avian and Exotic Animal Hospital, San Diego, California²

Received 12 March 2001/ Returned for modification 1 June 2001/ Accepted 30 December 2001

Despite the high incidence of odontogenic abscesses in pet rabbits, published data on the bacteriology of these infections are lacking, and clinical cultures are often ambiguous, making antibiotic choices difficult. In order to define the bacteriology of these infections, 12 rabbit mandibular and maxillary abscesses were cultured aerobically and anaerobically. All specimens yielded pathogenic bacteria, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella heparinolytica, Prevotella spp., Peptostreptococcus micros, Streptococcus milleri group, Actinomyces israelii, and Arcanobacterium haemolyticum. These organisms are consistent with the characterized bacteriology of periodontal disease in human and other mammalian studies. The isolates were tested against 10 antimicrobial agents commonly used to treat rabbits; 100% of the strains tested were susceptible to clindamycin, 96% were susceptible to penicillin and ceftriaxone, 54% were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, and only 7% were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

Members of the Veterinary Study Group are as follows: Jeffrey R. Jenkins; Katherine Quesenberry, Sean Aiken, Carol Canny, Laurie Hess, et al., Animal Medical Center, New York, N.Y.; Richard Nye and Chris Ellis, Midwest Bird & Exotic Animal Hospital, Westchester, Ill.; Elizabeth Hine, Northwest Veterinary Clinic, El Paso, Tex.; and Jennifer Koga, Adobe Animal Hospital, Los Altos, Calif.

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