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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, March 2002, p. 826-836, Vol. 40, No. 3
0095-1137/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.3.826-836.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Ca3 Fingerprinting of Candida albicans Isolates from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive and Healthy Individuals Reveals a New Clade in South Africa

Elaine Blignaut,,{dagger} Claude Pujol, Shawn Lockhart, Sophie Joly, and David R. Soll*

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242

Received 18 July 2001/ Returned for modification 9 November 2001/ Accepted 14 December 2001

To examine the question of strain specificity in oropharyngeal candidiasis associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, oral samples were collected from 1,196 HIV-positive black South Africans visiting three clinics and 249 Candida albicans isolates were selected for DNA fingerprinting with the complex DNA fingerprinting probe Ca3. A total of 66 C. albicans isolates from healthy black South Africans and 46 from healthy white South Africans were also DNA fingerprinted as controls. Using DENDRON software, a cluster analysis was performed and the identified groups were compared to a test set of isolates from the United States in which three genetic groups (I, II, and III) were previously identified by a variety of genetic fingerprinting methods. All of the characterized South African collections (three from HIV-positive black persons, two from healthy black persons, and one from healthy white persons) included group I, II, and III isolates. In addition, all South African collections included a fourth group (group SA) completely absent in the U.S. collection. The proportion of group SA isolates in HIV-positive and healthy black South Africans was 53% in both cases. The proportion in healthy white South Africans was 33%. In a comparison of HIV-positive patients with and without oropharyngeal symptoms of infection, the same proportions of group I, II, III, and SA isolates were obtained, indicating no shift to a particular group on infection. However, by virtue of its predominance as a commensal and in infections, group SA must be considered the most successful in South Africa. Why group SA isolates represent 53 and 33% of colonizing strains in black and white South Africans and are absent in the U.S. collection represents an interesting epidemiological question.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242. Phone: (319) 335-1117. Fax: (319) 335-2772. E-mail: david-soll{at}uiowa.edu.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Stomatological Studies, Medical University of Southern Africa, MEDUNSA, South Africa.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, March 2002, p. 826-836, Vol. 40, No. 3
0095-1137/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.3.826-836.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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