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Antibiotic Resistance, Virulence Gene, and Molecular Profiles of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Diverse Sources in Calcutta, India

National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata,¹ Eastern Regional Station, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Belgachia,² Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Calcutta, India,³ Department of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka,⁴ Faculty of Human Life Sciences, Jissen Women's University, Tokyo, Japan,⁵ International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh⁶

Received 27 December 2001/ Returned for modification 11 February 2002/ Accepted 12 March 2002

Antibiotic resistance, virulence gene, and molecular profiles of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) non-O157 strains isolated from human stool samples, cow stool samples, and beef samples over a period of 2 years in Calcutta, India, were determined. Resistance to one or more antibiotics was observed in 49.2% of the STEC strains, with some of the strains exhibiting multidrug resistance. The dominant combinations of virulence genes present in the strains studied were stx₁ and stx₂ (44.5% of strains) and stx₁, stx₂, and hlyA (enterohemorrhagic E. coli hemolysin gene) (19% of strains). Only 6.4% of the STEC strains harbored eae. The diversity of STEC strains from various sources was assessed by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). STEC strains that gave identical or nearly similar DNA fingerprints in RAPD-PCR and had similar virulence genotypes were further characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Identical RAPD and PFGE profiles were observed in four sets of strains, with each set comprising two strains. There was no match in the RAPD and PFGE profiles between strains of STEC isolated from cows and those isolated from humans. It appears that the clones present in bovine sources are not transmitted to humans in the Calcutta setting although these strains showed evolutionary relatedness. Maybe for this reason, STEC has still not become a major problem in India.

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