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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, June 2002, p. 2187-2191, Vol. 40, No. 6
0095-1137/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.6.2187-2191.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Prevalent Bacterial Species and Novel Phylotypes in Advanced Noma Lesions

B. J. Paster,1,2* W. A. Falkler, Jr.,3 C. O. Enwonwu,3,4 E. O. Idigbe,5 K. O. Savage,5 V. A. Levanos,1 M. A. Tamer,1 R. L. Ericson,1 C. N. Lau,1 and F. E. Dewhirst1,2

Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute,1 Department of Oral Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts,2 Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry,3 Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland,4 Nigerian Institute for Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria5

Received 21 December 2001/ Returned for modification 14 February 2002/ Accepted 26 February 2002

The purpose of this study was to determine the bacterial diversity in advanced noma lesions using culture-independent molecular methods. 16S ribosomal DNA bacterial genes from DNA isolated from advanced noma lesions of four Nigerian children were PCR amplified with universally conserved primers and spirochetal selective primers and cloned into Escherichia coli. Partial 16S rRNA sequences of approximately 500 bases from 212 cloned inserts were used initially to determine species identity or closest relatives by comparison with sequences of known species or phylotypes. Nearly complete sequences of approximately 1,500 bases were obtained for most of the potentially novel species. A total of 67 bacterial species or phylotypes were detected, 25 of which have not yet been grown in vitro. Nineteen of the species or phylotypes, including Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus spp., and the opportunistic pathogens Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Ochrobactrum anthropi were detected in more than one subject. Other known species that were detected included Achromobacter spp., Afipia spp., Brevundimonas diminuta, Capnocytophaga spp., Cardiobacterium sp., Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium spp., Gemella haemoylsans, and Neisseria spp. Phylotypes that were unique to noma infections included those in the genera Eubacterium, Flavobacterium, Kocuria, Microbacterium, and Porphyromonas and the related Streptococcus salivarius and genera Sphingomonas and Treponema. Since advanced noma lesions are infections open to the environment, it was not surprising to detect species not commonly associated with the oral cavity, e.g., from soil. Several species previously implicated as putative pathogens of noma, such as spirochetes and Fusobacterium spp., were detected in at least one subject. However, due to the limited number of available noma subjects, it was not possible at this time to associate specific species with the disease.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: The Forsyth Institute, 140 Fenway, Boston, MA 02115. Phone: (617) 456-7716. Fax: (617) 456-7737. E-mail: bpaster{at}forsyth.org.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, June 2002, p. 2187-2191, Vol. 40, No. 6
0095-1137/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.6.2187-2191.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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