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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, September 2002, p. 3232-3236, Vol. 40, No. 9
0095-1137/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.9.3232-3236.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Sensitivity of Three Urinary Antigen Tests Associated with Clinical Severity in a Large Outbreak of Legionnaires' Disease in The Netherlands

Ed P. F. Yzerman,1,2* Jeroen W. den Boer,3 Kamilla D. Lettinga,2 Joop Schellekens,4 Jacob Dankert,2 and Marcel Peeters5

Regional Laboratory of Public Health Haarlem,1 Municipal Health Service Kennemerland, Haarlem,2 Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam,3 National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven,4 Regional Laboratory of Public Health Tilburg, Tilburg, The Netherlands5

Received 22 January 2002/ Returned for modification 12 March 2002/ Accepted 6 June 2002

In 1999 an outbreak involving 188 patients with Legionnaires' disease (LD) occurred among visitors to a flower show in the Netherlands. Two enzyme immunoassays (Binax and Biotest) and one immunochromatographic assay (Binax NOW) were tested, using urine samples from LD patients from the 1999 outbreak. Sensitivity was calculated using positive culture and/or seroconversion as the "gold standard" in outbreak-related patients with radiographically confirmed pneumonia who fulfilled the epidemiological critera. The Binax EIA, Biotest EIA, and Binax NOW assay showed overall sensitivities of 69, 71, and 72%, respectively. When the tests were performed with concentrated urine samples, the overall sensitivities increased to 79, 74, and 81%, respectively. Using multiple logistic regression analysis with backward elimination, a statistically significant association was found between clinical severity and test sensitivity for all tests. For patients with mild LD, the test sensitivities ranged from 40 to 53%, whereas for patients with severe LD who needed immediate special medical care, the sensitivities reached 88 to 100%. These findings have major implications for the diagnostic process in patients with mild pneumonia and suggest that patients with mild pneumonia may go underdiagnosed if urine antigen tests alone are used.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Regional Laboratory of Public Health Haarlem, Boerhaavelaan 26, 2035 RC Haarlem, The Netherlands. Phone: 31-23-5307838. Fax: 31-23-5307805. E-mail: e.yzerman{at}streeklabhaarlem.nl.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, September 2002, p. 3232-3236, Vol. 40, No. 9
0095-1137/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.9.3232-3236.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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Copyright © 2002 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.