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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, September 2002, p. 3245-3251, Vol. 40, No. 9
0095-1137/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.9.3245-3251.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Dichotomy of Glycoprotein G Gene in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Isolates

Elham Rekabdar,1* Petra Tunbäck,1,2 Jan-Åke Liljeqvist,1 Magnus Lindh,1 and Tomas Bergström1

Departments of Clinical Virology,1 Dermatology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden2

Received 15 January 2002/ Returned for modification 8 April 2002/ Accepted 14 June 2002

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encodes 11 envelope glycoproteins, of which glycoprotein G-1 (gG-1) induces a type-specific antibody response. Variability of the gG-1 gene among wild-type strains may be a factor of importance for a reliable serodiagnosis and typing of HSV-1 isolates. Here, we used a gG-1 type-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) to screen for mutations in the immunodominant region of this protein in 108 clinical HSV-1 isolates. Of these, 42 isolates showed no reactivity to the anti-gG-1 MAb. One hundred five strains were further examined by DNA sequencing of the middle part of the gG-1 gene, encompassing 106 amino acids including the immunodominant region and epitope of the anti-gG-1 MAb. By phylogenetic comparisons based on the sequence data, we observed two (main) genetic variants of the gG-1 gene among the clinical isolates corresponding to reactivity or nonreactivity to the anti-gG-1 MAb. Furthermore, four strains appeared to be recombinants of the two gG-1 variants. In addition, one strain displayed a gG-1-negative phenotype due to a frameshift mutation, in the form of insertion of a cytosine nucleotide. When immunoglobulin G reactivity to HSV-1 in sera from patients infected with either of the two variants was investigated, no significant differences were found between the two groups, either in a type-common enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or in a type-specific gG-1 antigen-based ELISA. Despite the here-documented existence of two variants of the gG-1 gene affecting the immunodominant region of the protein, other circumstances, such as early phase of infection, might be sought for explaining the seronegativity to gG-1 commonly found in a proportion of the HSV-1-infected patients.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Clinical Virology, Guldhedsgatan 10B, 413 46 Göteborg, Sweden. Phone: 46 31-3421000. Fax: 46 31-411256. E-mail: elham.rekabdar{at}microbio.gu.se.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, September 2002, p. 3245-3251, Vol. 40, No. 9
0095-1137/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.40.9.3245-3251.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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