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Molecular Characterization Confirms the Presence of a Divergent Strain of Canine Coronavirus (UWSMN-1) in Australia

Matthew J. Naylor,^1* Charanjiv S. Walia,¹ Steven McOrist,^2, Philip R. Lehrbach,³ Elizabeth M. Deane,⁴ and Gavan A. Harrison¹

School of Science, Food and Horticulture, University of Western Sydney, Penrith South DC, New South Wales 1797 ,¹ Veterinary Pathology Services Pty Limited, Glenside, South Australia 5064,² Fort Dodge Australia Pty Limited, Baulkham Hills, New South Wales 2153,³ Division of Environmental & Life Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia⁴

Received 26 December 2001/ Returned for modification 21 April 2002/ Accepted 18 June 2002

Canine coronavirus (CCV) UWSMN-1 was originally identified from an outbreak of fatal gastroenteritis in breeding colonies. In this report, we examined whether UWSMN-1 represents a novel divergent strain or is the result of recombination events between canine and feline coronavirus strains. Sequencing of various regions of the spike and polymerase genes confirms that UWSMN-1 is widely divergent from other CCV and feline coronavirus strains. These data raise the possibility that this strain is the first member of a novel third subtype of CCV.

Present address: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536.