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Genome Type Analysis of Adenovirus Types 3 and 7 Isolated during Successive Outbreaks of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children

Yae-Jean Kim,^1, Jung-Yun Hong,¹ Hoan-Jong Lee,^1* Seon-Hee Shin,^1, Yun-Kyung Kim,¹ Toshiki Inada,² Madoka Hashido,² and Pedro A. Piedra³

Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea,¹ Infectious Diseases Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan,² Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology and Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas³

Received 3 April 2003/ Returned for modification 4 June 2003/ Accepted 15 July 2003

Adenovirus is an important cause of respiratory infections in infants and children. Fifty-one serotypes have been identified, and adenovirus type 3 (Ad3) and Ad7 have often been associated with outbreaks of severe respiratory tract infections. Each serotype can be further divided into genome types based on the patterns of digestion of their DNAs with restriction enzymes. DNA restriction analysis was performed with 56 strains of Ad3 and 98 strains of Ad7 by using 12 restriction enzymes recognizing 6 bp (BamHI, BclI, BglI, BglII, BstEII, EcoRI, HindIII, HpaI, SalI, SmaI, XbaI, and XhoI). The virus strains were isolated during outbreaks of lower respiratory tract infections in children during an 11-year period from 1990 to 2000 in Seoul, Korea. Among the Ad3 strains, seven genome types were identified; Ad3a and six novel types (Ad3a13, Ad3a14, Ad3a15, Ad3a16, Ad3a17, and Ad3a18). Multiple genome types cocirculated during outbreaks, and some of these were isolated during the 11-year observation period, while others were restricted to particular outbreaks. For Ad7, two genome types, Ad7d and Ad7l, the latter of which is a novel genome type, were identified. A shift in genome types occurred from Ad7d to Ad7l during successive outbreaks. Mortality was 3.6% among children with Ad3 infections and 18% among children infected with either of the Ad7 genome types. In conclusion, the data confirm that Ad3 genome types are more diverse than those of Ad7 and suggest that shifts of genome types may occur during successive outbreaks of Ad3 and Ad7.

Present address: Helminth Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852.

Present address: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Korea.

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