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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, April 2003, p. 1664-1672, Vol. 41, No. 4
0095-1137/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.4.1664-1672.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Haemophilus influenzae Carriage in Children Attending French Day Care Centers: a Molecular Epidemiological Study

Henri Dabernat,1,2* Marie-Anne Plisson-Sauné,2 Catherine Delmas,1,2 Martine Séguy,1 Gèneviéve Faucon,2 Roselyne Pélissier,2 Hélène Carsenti,3 Christian Pradier,3 Micheline Roussel-Delvallez,4 Joël Leroy,5 Marie-Jeanne Dupont,5 Frédéric De Bels,6 and Pierre Dellamonica3

Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Centre National de Référence des Haemophilus influenzae, Hôpital Purpan,1 Faculté de Médecine Toulouse Purpan, 31059 Toulouse Cédex 9,2 Hôpital de l'Archet, 06202 Nice,3 CHRU, Hôpital Calmette, 59037 Lille Cédex,4 CHU Jean Minjoz, 25030 Besançon Cédex,5 France INSERM 99-22, CHU Bichat-Claude Bernard, 75877 Paris Cédex 18, France6

Received 5 August 2002/ Returned for modification 30 August 2002/ Accepted 9 December 2002

The nasopharyngeal Haemophilus influenzae flora of healthy children under the age of 3 years attending day care centers in three distinct French geographic areas was analyzed by sampling during two periods, spring 1999 (May and June) and fall 1999 (November and December). The average carrier rate among 1,683 children was 40.9%. The prevalence of capsulated H. influenzae carriers was 0.4% for type f and 0.6% for type e. No type b strains were found among these children, of whom 98.5% had received one or more doses of anti-Haemophilus b vaccine. Among the strains, 44.5% were TEM-type beta-lactamase producers and nine (1.3%) were beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant strains. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis restriction patterns showed a large diversity with 366 SmaI patterns from 663 strains. Among the strains isolated during a given period, 33% were isolated simultaneously in more than one area. In each area, depending on the sampling period, 68 to 72% of the strains had new pulsotypes and persistence of 28 to 32% of the strains was noted. For the 297 beta-lactamase-producing strains, 194 patterns were found. The genomic diversity of these strains was comparable to that of the whole set of strains and does not suggest a clonal diffusion. Among the beta-lactamase-producing strains isolated in November and December, depending on the area, 66 to 73% had new pulsotypes with persistence of only 27 to 33% of the strains. In any given geographic area, colonization by H. influenzae appears to be a dynamic process involving a high degree of genomic heterogeneity among the noncapsulated colonizing strains.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpitaux de Toulouse, CHU Purpan, TSA 40031, 31059 Toulouse Cédex 9, France. Phone: 33 561 77 23 57. Fax: 33 561 77 23 33. E-mail: dabernat.h{at}chu-toulouse.fr.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, April 2003, p. 1664-1672, Vol. 41, No. 4
0095-1137/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.4.1664-1672.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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