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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, July 2003, p. 3060-3063, Vol. 41, No. 7
0095-1137/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.7.3060-3063.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Comparison of Two Commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays with an Immunofluorescence Assay for Detection of Legionella pneumophila Types 1 to 6

Associated Regional and University Pathologists Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology,¹ Department of Pathology, Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah²

Received 15 January 2003/ Returned for modification 7 March 2003/ Accepted 1 April 2003

Members of the genus Legionella are characterized as gram-negative, motile, freshwater-dwelling bacteria that were responsible for a pneumonia outbreak among American Legion members in 1976. Because clinicians routinely order serologic testing for Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 6 as a screen for possible L. pneumophila infections, we evaluated the Wampole Laboratories L. pneumophila type 1 to 6 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM combined enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the Zeus Scientific L. pneumophila type 1 to 6 IgG-IgM-IgA multispecific combined ELISA systems and compared them to an IgG-specific immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for L. pneumophila serogroups 1 to 6. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that the positive titer cutoff for an IFA be 1:256. Regardless of where the positive IFA cutoff titer is placed, however, the sensitivity of both commercial assays was below what would be acceptable for a screening assay. With a 1:256 IFA titer as the positive cutoff, the agreement, sensitivity, and specificity of the Wampole ELISA were 74.6, 21.4, and 98.4%, respectively. The agreement, sensitivity, and specificity of the Zeus ELISA were 72.6, 10.5, and 100.0%, respectively. We recommend that any laboratories attempting to replace an IFA type 1 to 6 screen with an alternative ELISA carefully investigate the sensitivity of the replacement assay.

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