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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, August 2003, p. 3744-3747, Vol. 41, No. 8
0095-1137/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.8.3744-3747.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Enzootic Transmission of Anaplasma bovis in Nantucket Cottontail Rabbits

Heidi K. Goethert and Sam R. Telford III*

Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115

Received 13 December 2002/ Returned for modification 26 May 2003/ Accepted 8 June 2003

Serological studies of cottontail rabbits sampled from Nantucket Island, Mass., have suggested exposure to at least two ehrlichiae. The agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum) is intensely enzootic in rabbits there, but the identity of the other ehrlichial infection remains undescribed. We sampled rabbits over five transmission seasons and tested their blood and tissues for evidence of infection using PCR targeting an Ehrlichia genus-wide 16S rDNA target. Sequence analysis of positive amplicons revealed the presence of Anaplasma bovis, an agent not known to be present in North America. The average annual prevalence of A. bovis within rabbits, as determined by PCR of blood samples, was 18%. Haemaphysalis leporispalustris appears to serve as vector. The public health (human or veterinary) significance of this finding remains speculative.

* Corresponding author. Present address: Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Rd., North Grafton, MA 01536. Phone: (508) 887-4236. Fax: (508) 839-7911. E-mail: Sam.Telford{at}tufts.edu.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, August 2003, p. 3744-3747, Vol. 41, No. 8
0095-1137/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.41.8.3744-3747.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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