This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Reprints and Permissions Copyright Information Books from ASM Press MicrobeWorld Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Sendid, B. Articles by Poulain, D. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Sendid, B. Articles by Poulain, D.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, January 2004, p. 164-171, Vol. 42, No. 1
0095-1137/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.1.164-171.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Increased Sensitivity of Mannanemia Detection Tests by Joint Detection of - and ß-Linked Oligomannosides during Experimental and Human Systemic Candidiasis

Boualem Sendid,^1,2 Thierry Jouault,¹ Richard Coudriau,² Daniel Camus,² Frank Odds,^3, Marc Tabouret,⁴ and Daniel Poulain^1,2*

Laboratoire de Mycologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, INSERM 0360,¹ Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CH & U, Faculté de Médecine, Pôle Recherche, F-59045 Lille,² Bio-Rad Laboratories, 59114 Steenvoorde, France,⁴ Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Janssen Research Foundation, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium³

Received 13 May 2003/ Returned for modification 16 July 2003/ Accepted 22 October 2003

An enzyme immunoassay (EIA)—the commercially available Platelia Candida antigen test—developed for the diagnosis of systemic candidiasis is based on the detection of -linked oligomannose residues (-Man) released from Candida cells into the serum. This test has good specificity but has to be repeated frequently because of the rapid clearance of detectable mannanemia. We have developed a second EIA based on detection of beta-linked oligomannoses (ß-Man), since ß-Man are linked to different Candida molecules and interact differently with the host immune system and endogenous lectins and should therefore present different kinetics of serum clearance. In a guinea pig model of Candida albicans systemic infection, the relative amounts of detectable - and ß-Man differed considerably according to the virulence of the strain, the infecting dose, and the time after challenge that serum samples were drawn. Detection of -Man was more sensitive per serum sample than that of ß-Man, and the sensitivity for the combination reached 90%. The same tests were applied to 90 sera from 26 patients selected retrospectively for having been infected with the most-pathogenic Candida species: C. albicans (19), C. tropicalis (4), and C. glabrata (3). A total of 22 patients had positive antigenemia, 4 had -mannanemia, 4 had ß-mannanemia, and 14 showed the presence of both. For the patients showing the presence of both forms of mannanemia, the use of both tests enhanced the duration of the detection of mannanemia. Mannanemia was correlated with early clinical symptoms and isolation of Candida in culture, which occurred in 55% of the patients at an average of 4.7 days after the first positive mannanemia test result. A combination of the two tests had a cumulated specificity of 95%, and positive and negative predictive values were 79 and 97%, respectively. These findings provide evidence for different kinetics of ß- and -Man circulation during experimental and human candidiasis and suggest the joint detection of both types of epitopes as a rational approach contributing to increases in the sensitivity and earliness of diagnosis.

Present address: Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Clancy, C. J., Nguyen, M.-L., Cheng, S., Huang, H., Fan, G., Jaber, R. A., Wingard, J. R., Cline, C., Nguyen, M. H. (2008). Immunoglobulin G Responses to a Panel of Candida albicans Antigens as Accurate and Early Markers for the Presence of Systemic Candidiasis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46: 1647-1654 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Mille, C., Janbon, G., Delplace, F., Ibata-Ombetta, S., Gaillardin, C., Strecker, G., Jouault, T., Trinel, P.-A., Poulain, D. (2004). Inactivation of CaMIT1 Inhibits Candida albicans Phospholipomannan {beta}-Mannosylation, Reduces Virulence, and Alters Cell Wall Protein {beta}-Mannosylation. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 47952-47960 [Abstract] [Full Text]