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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, October 2004, p. 4686-4696, Vol. 42, No. 10
0095-1137/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.10.4686-4696.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Accuracy of Phenotypic and Genotypic Testing for Identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Description of Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae sp. nov.

Judy C. Arbique,1* Claire Poyart,2 Patrick Trieu-Cuot,2 Gilles Quesne,2 Maria da Glória S. Carvalho,3 Arnold G. Steigerwalt,3 Roger E. Morey,3 Delois Jackson,3 Ross J. Davidson,1 and Richard R. Facklam3

Department of Microbiology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,1 Laboratoire Mixte Pasteur-Necker de Recherche sur les Streptocoques et Streptococcies and Unité INSERM U570, Faculté de Médecine Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France,2 Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia3

Received 3 March 2004/ Returned for modification 2 April 2004/ Accepted 7 June 2004

We have identified an unusual group of viridans group streptococci that resemble Streptococcus pneumoniae. DNA-DNA homology studies suggested that a subset of these isolates represent a novel species that may be included in the S. oralis-S. mitis group of viridans group streptococci. We suggest that this novel species be termed Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae. A combination of phenotypic and genetic reactions allows its identification. S. pseudopneumoniae strains do not have pneumococcal capsules, are resistant to optochin (inhibition zones, less than 14 mm) when they are incubated under an atmosphere of increased CO2 but are susceptible to optochin (inhibition zones, >14 mm) when they are incubated in ambient atmospheres, are not soluble in bile, and are positive by the GenProbe AccuProbe Pneumococcus test. The bile solubility test is more specific than the optochin test for identification of S. pneumoniae. Genetic tests for pneumolysin (ply) and manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (sodA) and identification tests with a commercial probe, AccuProbe Pneumococcus, do not discriminate between the new species and S. pneumoniae.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Rm 315, Mackenzie Bldg., 5788 University Ave., Halifax, N.S. B3H 1V8, Canada. Phone: (902) 448-4560; Fax: (902) 473-4432. E-mail: j.arbique{at}ns.sympatico.ca.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, October 2004, p. 4686-4696, Vol. 42, No. 10
0095-1137/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.10.4686-4696.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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