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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, November 2004, p. 5381-5384, Vol. 42, No. 11
0095-1137/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.11.5381-5384.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Stochastic Transmission of Multiple Genotypically Distinct Anaplasma marginale Strains in a Herd with High Prevalence of Anaplasma Infection

Guy H. Palmer,1* Donald P. Knowles Jr.,2 Jose-Luis Rodriguez,1 David P. Gnad,3 Larry C. Hollis,4 Twig Marston,4 and Kelly A. Brayton1

Program in Vector-borne Diseases, Washington State University,1 Animal Diseases Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, Washington,2 Department of Clinical Sciences,3 Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas4

Received 4 June 2004/ Returned for modification 23 July 2004/ Accepted 11 August 2004

Multiple genotypically unique strains of the tick-borne pathogen Anaplasma marginale occur and are transmitted within regions where the organism is endemic. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that specific A. marginale strains are preferentially transmitted. The study herd of cattle (n = 261) had an infection prevalence of 29% as determined by competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and PCR, with complete concordance between results of the two assays. Genotyping revealed the presence of 11 unique strains within the herd. Although the majority of the individuals (70 of 75) were infected with only a single A. marginale strain, five animals each carried two strains with markedly distinct genotypes, indicating that superinfection does occur with distinct A. marginale strains, as has been reported with A. marginale and A. marginale subsp. centrale strains. Identification of strains in animals born into and infected within the herd during the period from 1998 to 2003 revealed no significant difference from the overall strain prevalence in the herd, results that do not support the occurrence of preferential strain transmission within a population of persistently infected animals and are most consistent with pathogen strain transmission being stochastic.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7040. Phone: (509) 335-6033. Fax: (509) 335-8529. E-mail: gpalmer{at}vetmed.wsu.edu.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, November 2004, p. 5381-5384, Vol. 42, No. 11
0095-1137/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.11.5381-5384.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Galletti, M. F. B. M., Ueti, M. W., Knowles, D. P. Jr., Brayton, K. A., Palmer, G. H. (2009). Independence of Anaplasma marginale Strains with High and Low Transmission Efficiencies in the Tick Vector following Simultaneous Acquisition by Feeding on a Superinfected Mammalian Reservoir Host. Infect. Immun. 77: 1459-1464 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ueti, M. W., Knowles, D. P., Davitt, C. M., Scoles, G. A., Baszler, T. V., Palmer, G. H. (2009). Quantitative Differences in Salivary Pathogen Load during Tick Transmission Underlie Strain-Specific Variation in Transmission Efficiency of Anaplasma marginale. Infect. Immun. 77: 70-75 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Leverich, C. K., Palmer, G. H., Knowles, D. P. Jr., Brayton, K. A. (2008). Tick-Borne Transmission of Two Genetically Distinct Anaplasma marginale Strains following Superinfection of the Mammalian Reservoir Host. Infect. Immun. 76: 4066-4070 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ladbury, G. A. F., Stuen, S., Thomas, R., Bown, K. J., Woldehiwet, Z., Granquist, E. G., Bergstrom, K., Birtles, R. J. (2008). Dynamic Transmission of Numerous Anaplasma phagocytophilum Genotypes among Lambs in an Infected Sheep Flock in an Area of Anaplasmosis Endemicity. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46: 1686-1691 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
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  • Ueti, M. W., Reagan, J. O. Jr., Knowles, D. P. Jr., Scoles, G. A., Shkap, V., Palmer, G. H. (2007). Identification of Midgut and Salivary Glands as Specific and Distinct Barriers to Efficient Tick-Borne Transmission of Anaplasma marginale. Infect. Immun. 75: 2959-2964 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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