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Incidence of Group C Human Rotavirus in Central Australia and Sequence Variation of the VP7 and VP4 Genes

Department of Microbiology, La Trobe University, Victoria 3086,¹ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010,² Department of Paediatrics,³ Pathology Laboratory, Alice Springs Hospital, Alice Springs, Northern Territory 0870, Australia⁴

Received 18 August 2003/ Returned for modification 4 October 2003/ Accepted 21 January 2004

Human group C rotavirus was identified in central Australia in each of eight years over a 16-year period between 1982 and 1997. Cases occurred either sporadically but over a relatively short period of time or as clustered outbreaks. These are the only reports of human group C rotavirus in Australia other than that of a single case reported approximately 1,800 km away in 1982. The electrophoretic genome profiles of isolates were identical for all those identified within the same year but different between those identified in different years. The VP7 genes of four isolates identified in four different years over a 7-year period between 1987 and 1993, and the VP4 genes of two of these isolates showed relatively little variation in genome and deduced amino acid sequence upon comparison of the equivalent genes between isolates. The sequences were also very similar to those from the corresponding genes from most of the human group C rotavirus isolates from other countries. This continues the observation of a high degree of gene sequence conservation among human group C rotaviruses worldwide.

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