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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, July 2004, p. 3065-3072, Vol. 42, No. 7
0095-1137/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.7.3065-3072.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Prevalence of the hifBC, hmw1A, hmw2A, hmwC, and hia Genes in Haemophilus influenzae Isolates

I. Zafer Ecevit,1 Kirk W. McCrea,1 Melinda M. Pettigrew,2,{dagger} Ananda Sen,3 Carl F. Marrs,2 and Janet R. Gilsdorf1,2*

Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0244,1 Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029,2 Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-10703

Received 27 October 2003/ Returned for modification 16 December 2003/ Accepted 14 March 2004

Adherence of Haemophilus influenzae to respiratory epithelial cells is the first step in the pathogenesis of H. influenzae infection and is facilitated by the action of several adhesins located on the surface of the bacteria. In this study, prevalences of hifBC, which represent the pilus gene cluster; hmw1A, hmw2A, and hmwC, which represent high-molecular-weight (HMW) adhesin genes; and hia, which represents H. influenzae adhesin (Hia) genes were determined among clinical isolates of encapsulated type b (Hib) and nonencapsulated (NTHi) H. influenzae. hifBC genes were detected in 109 of 170 (64%) Hib strains and in 46 of 162 (28%) NTHi isolates (P = 0.0001) and were more prevalent among the invasive type b strains than invasive NTHi strains (P = 0.00003). Furthermore, hifBC genes were significantly more prevalent (P = 0.0398) among NTHi throat isolates than NTHi middle ear isolates. hmw1A, hmw2A, hmwC, and hia genes were not detected in Hib strains. Among NTHi isolates, the prevalence of hmw1A was 51%, the prevalence of hmw2A was 23%, the prevalence of hmwC was 48%, and the prevalence of hia was 33%. The hmw genes were significantly more prevalent among middle ear than throat isolates, while hia did not segregate with a respiratory tract site. These results show the variability of the presence of adhesin genes among clinical H. influenzae isolates and suggest that hemagglutinating pili may play a larger role in H. influenzae nasopharyngeal colonization than in acute otitis media whereas the HMW adhesins may be virulence factors for acute otitis media.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0244. Phone: (734) 763-2440. Fax: (734) 936-7635. E-mail: gilsdorf{at}umich.edu.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8034.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, July 2004, p. 3065-3072, Vol. 42, No. 7
0095-1137/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.7.3065-3072.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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