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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, July 2004, p. 3153-3158, Vol. 42, No. 7
0095-1137/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.7.3153-3158.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Molecular and Ultrastructural Characterization of Porcine Hippurate-Negative Brachyspira pilosicoli

Marja Fossi,1* Tarja Pohjanvirta,2 Antti Sukura,3 Sirpa Heinikainen,2 Rikke Lindecrona,4 and Sinikka Pelkonen2

Seinäjoki Unit, National Veterinary and Food Research Institute, 60101 Seinäjoki,1 Kuopio Department, National Veterinary and Food Research Institute, 70701 Kuopio,2 Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland,3 Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, 2860 Søborg, Denmark4

Received 13 January 2004/ Returned for modification 15 March 2004/ Accepted 19 April 2004

Brachyspira pilosicoli, the causative agent of porcine intestinal spirochetosis, usually has hippurate-cleaving capacity. We have regularly isolated hippurate-negative B. pilosicoli from cases of porcine diarrhea. In this study, we show that these biochemically atypical B. pilosicoli isolates can be classified as B. pilosicoli. 16S ribosomal DNA was partially sequenced from eight hippurate-negative and two hippurate-positive B. pilosicoli-like isolates from seven herds. The differences in nucleotide sequence with B. pilosicoli P43/6/78 type strain were not associated with hippurate cleavage. In 877 bp, the hippurate-negative isolates had a similarity of 98.63 to 100% to the type strain, with the corresponding figures for the two hippurate-positive isolates being 98.86 and 100%. The nucleotide sequences of hippurate-positive isolates were identical to the respective sequences of hippurate-negative isolates from one herd. The DNA macrorestriction patterns of a total of 20 hippurate-negative and -positive B. pilosicoli isolates were diverse, and no clustering in conjunction with the hippurate reaction was found. In two herds, hippurate-positive and -negative B. pilosicoli isolates had a common macrorestriction pattern. The ultrastructure of hippurate-negative isolates was similar to the type strain. In conclusion, B. pilosicoli can be either hippurate positive or negative and, thus, the scheme for biochemical differentiation of porcine Brachyspira should be revised to include identification of hippurate-negative B. pilosicoli.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: National Veterinary and Food Research Institute, Seinäjoki Unit, PB 198, 60101 Seinäjoki, Finland. Phone: 358-6-4218100. Fax: 358-6-4218180. E-mail: marja.fossi{at}eela.fi.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, July 2004, p. 3153-3158, Vol. 42, No. 7
0095-1137/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JCM.42.7.3153-3158.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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