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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, January 2005, p. 132-139, Vol. 43, No. 1
0095-1137/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.43.1.132-139.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Risk Factors and Molecular Analysis of Community Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Carriage

Po-Liang Lu,1 Lien-Chun Chin,2 Chien-Fang Peng,3 Yi-Hsiung Chiang,4 Tyen-Po Chen,1 Ling Ma,5 and L. K Siu5*

Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital,1 School of Technology for Medical Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung,3 Departments of Dermatology,2 Internal Medicine, Pingtung Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Pingtung,4 Division of Clinical Research, National Health Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan5

Received 2 July 2004/ Returned for modification 10 August 2004/ Accepted 1 September 2004

A total of 1,838 subjects from the community and 393 subjects from health care-related facilities in Taiwan were evaluated for the prevalence of nasal Staphylococcus aureus colonization and to identify risk factors associated with S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) colonization. Among the community subjects, 3.5% had nasal MRSA colonization. Subjects from health care-related facilities had a lower S. aureus colonization rate (19.1%) than community subjects (25.2%) but had a significantly higher rate of colonization with MRSA (7.63%). Age (P < 0.001) was a significant risk factor for S. aureus colonization, with subjects under age 20 years or between 71 and 80 years showing higher rates of colonization. Recent gastrointestinal disease (P = 0.011) and hospital admission (P = 0.026) were risk factors for nasal MRSA colonization. Comparison of hospital MRSA isolates with the colonization strains by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) gene typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing revealed that most MRSA strains carried in the community were SCCmec type IV and that most clinical hospital isolates were type III, while health care facility-related carriage isolates were mainly SCCmec type III and type IV. Two new variant SCCmec types were identified. Six clusters of PFGE patterns were distinguished: two mainly comprised health care facility-related MRSA strains, three mainly comprised community MRSA strains, and one comprised mixed community and health care facility-related MRSA strains. In conclusion, a high prevalence of MRSA colonization was observed among people with no relationship to the hospital setting. The high level of multiple-drug resistance among community MRSA strains in association with the previously reported excessive use of antibiotics in Taiwan highlights the importance of the problem of antibiotic selective pressure. Our results indicate that both the clonal spread of MRSA and the transmission of hospital isolates contribute to the high MRSA burden in the community.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Clinical Research, National Health Research Institutes, 128, Yen-Chiu-Yuan Rd., Sec. 2, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Phone: 886 2 26524094. Fax: 886 2 27890254. E-mail: lksiu{at}mail.nhri.org.tw.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, January 2005, p. 132-139, Vol. 43, No. 1
0095-1137/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.43.1.132-139.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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