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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, January 2005, p. 520-522, Vol. 43, No. 1
0095-1137/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.43.1.520-522.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

CASE REPORT

Acute Hemorrhagic Pericarditis in a Child with Pneumonia Due to Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of General Pediatrics,¹ Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pneumology, University Children's Hospital,² Department of Medical Microbiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany³

Received 21 June 2004/ Returned for modification 30 July 2004/ Accepted 8 September 2004

Chlamydophila pneumoniae is mainly responsible for respiratory tract infections but has also been associated with endocarditis and myocarditis. We report a case of pneumonia in a child with hemorrhagic pericardial effusion with a positive result by a new C. pneumoniae TaqMan PCR, suggesting a pericardial inflammation directly induced by C. pneumoniae. C. pneumoniae should be suspected in patients with community-acquired pneumonia and concurrent pericarditis. Empirical treatment with azithromycin seems feasible.