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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, December 2005, p. 5936-5939, Vol. 43, No. 12
0095-1137/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.43.12.5936-5939.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

High Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Infections in Urine Samples from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Men

Paul H. M. Smits,1* Remco Bakker,1 Eefje Jong,2 Jan Willem Mulder,2 Pieter L. Meenhorst,2 Bernhard Kleter,3 Leen-Jan van Doorn,3 and Wim G. V. Quint3

Department of Molecular Biology, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;,1 Department of Internal Medicine, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;,2 Delft Diagnostic Laboratory, Voorburg, The Netherlands3

Received 17 June 2005/ Returned for modification 8 August 2005/ Accepted 19 September 2005

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the resulting immunosuppression are associated with an increased risk for human papillomavirus (HPV) persistence and related malignancies. In the present study we investigated the prevalence of HPV in urine samples from 104 HIV-infected men with low CD4+ cell counts (<100 per mm3) and 115 urine samples from HIV-negative men. A high prevalence of HPV DNA (39.4%) was found in the HIV patients. Most of the HPV types were high risk (81.4%), with HPV 52 as the most prevalent type (12.5%), followed by HPV 18 (6.7%), HPV 35 (5.8%), and HPV 70 (4.8%). Multiple HPV genotypes were observed in 17 (41%) of the 41 HPV- and HIV-positive men. In contrast, only 11 (9.6%) HPV DNA-positive cases were observed among the 115 HIV-uninfected men, and 3 (27.3%) contained multiple genotypes. Quantitative analyses indicated that the HPV viral load, as measured in urine samples, is significantly higher in HIV-positive men compared to HIV-negative men. In the present study we show that urine samples are useful for detecting HPV DNA, there is a high prevalence of HPV in HIV-positive men, and the HPV viral load is substantially higher in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative men. More studies are needed to evaluate the risk and natural development of HPV-related malignancies in HIV-positive men.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Biology, Slotervaart Hospital, Louwesweg 6, 1066 EC Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Phone: 31-(0)20-5124648. Fax: 31-(0)20-5124753. E-mail: mbpsm{at}slz.nl.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, December 2005, p. 5936-5939, Vol. 43, No. 12
0095-1137/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.43.12.5936-5939.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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