This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Copyright Information Books from ASM Press MicrobeWorld Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Hoshino, T. Articles by Kilian, M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Hoshino, T. Articles by Kilian, M.

Use of Phylogenetic and Phenotypic Analyses To Identify Nonhemolytic Streptococci Isolated from Bacteremic Patients

Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Aarhus University, Bartholin Building, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark,¹ Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan²

Received 22 July 2005/ Returned for modification 6 September 2005/ Accepted 4 October 2005

The aim of this study was to evaluate molecular and phenotypic methods for the identification of nonhemolytic streptococci. A collection of 148 strains consisting of 115 clinical isolates from cases of infective endocarditis, septicemia, and meningitis and 33 reference strains, including type strains of all relevant Streptococcus species, were examined. Identification was performed by phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of four housekeeping genes, ddl, gdh, rpoB, and sodA; by PCR analysis of the glucosyltransferase (gtf) gene; and by conventional phenotypic characterization and identification using two commercial kits, Rapid ID 32 STREP and STREPTOGRAM and the associated databases. A phylogenetic tree based on concatenated sequences of the four housekeeping genes allowed unequivocal differentiation of recognized species and was used as the reference. Analysis of single gene sequences revealed deviation clustering in eight strains (5.4%) due to homologous recombination with other species. This was particularly evident in S. sanguinis and in members of the anginosus group of streptococci. The rate of correct identification of the strains by both commercial identification kits was below 50% but varied significantly between species. The most significant problems were observed with S. mitis and S. oralis and 11 Streptococcus species described since 1991. Our data indicate that identification based on multilocus sequence analysis is optimal. As a more practical alternative we recommend identification based on sodA sequences with reference to a comprehensive set of sequences that is available for downloading from our server. An analysis of the species distribution of 107 nonhemolytic streptococci from bacteremic patients showed a predominance of S. oralis and S. anginosus with various underlying infections.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Bek-Thomsen, M., Tettelin, H., Hance, I., Nelson, K. E., Kilian, M. (2008). Population Diversity and Dynamics of Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, and Streptococcus infantis in the Upper Respiratory Tracts of Adults, Determined by a Nonculture Strategy. Infect. Immun. 76: 1889-1896 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Kinnby, B., Booth, N. A., Svensater, G. (2008). Plasminogen binding by oral streptococci from dental plaque and inflammatory lesions. Microbiology 154: 924-931 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Milinovich, G. J., Burrell, P. C., Pollitt, C. C., Bouvet, A., Trott, D. J. (2008). Streptococcus henryi sp. nov. and Streptococcus caballi sp. nov., isolated from the hindgut of horses with oligofructose-induced laminitis. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 58: 262-266 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tung, S. K., Teng, L. J., Vaneechoutte, M., Chen, H. M., Chang, T. C. (2007). Identification of species of Abiotrophia, Enterococcus, Granulicatella and Streptococcus by sequence analysis of the ribosomal 16S-23S intergenic spacer region. J Med Microbiol 56: 504-513 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chadfield, M. S., Christensen, J. P., Decostere, A., Christensen, H., Bisgaard, M. (2007). Geno- and Phenotypic Diversity of Avian Isolates of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (Streptococcus bovis) and Associated Diagnostic Problems. J. Clin. Microbiol. 45: 822-827 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Haanpera, M., Jalava, J., Huovinen, P., Meurman, O., Rantakokko-Jalava, K. (2007). Identification of Alpha-Hemolytic Streptococci by Pyrosequencing the 16S rRNA Gene and by Use of VITEK 2. J. Clin. Microbiol. 45: 762-770 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Delorme, C., Poyart, C., Ehrlich, S. D., Renault, P. (2007). Extent of Horizontal Gene Transfer in Evolution of Streptococci of the Salivarius Group. J. Bacteriol. 189: 1330-1341 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Tung, S. K., Teng, L. J., Vaneechoutte, M., Chen, H. M., Chang, T. C. (2006). Array-Based Identification of Species of the Genera Abiotrophia, Enterococcus, Granulicatella, and Streptococcus. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44: 4414-4424 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Balsalobre, L., Hernandez-Madrid, A., Llull, D., Martin-Galiano, A. J., Garcia, E., Fenoll, A., de la Campa, A. G. (2006). Molecular Characterization of Disease-Associated Streptococci of the Mitis Group That Are Optochin Susceptible. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44: 4163-4171 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Takenouchi-Ohkubo, N., Mortensen, L. M., Drasbek, K. R., Kilian, M., Poulsen, K. (2006). Horizontal transfer of the immunoglobulin A1 protease gene (iga) from Streptococcus to Gemella haemolysans. Microbiology 152: 2171-2180 [Abstract] [Full Text]