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Sensitive and Specific Detection of Staphylococcal Epidermolysins A and B in Broth Cultures by Flow Cytometry-Assisted Multiplex Immunoassay

Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et d'Antibiologie des Infections Nosocomiales et Emergentes, UPRES EA-3432, Institut de Bactériologie de la Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg, France

Received 2 September 2004/ Returned for modification 13 October 2004/ Accepted 19 November 2004

Two of the most common bacterial skin infections of young infants and children are bullous impetigo due to Staphylococcus aureus and its more acute form, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. Epidermolysin A (ETA), ETB and, possibly, ETD are responsible for these diseases, which may appear as epidemics in pediatric patients. We tested the reliability of a flow cytometry-assisted multiplex immunoassay (Bio-Plex system) for the detection of ETA and ETB. The Bio-Plex system was found to be highly specific and highly sensitive for toxin concentrations of between 2 and 80,000 pg/ml. The results of this assay were 100% identical to the results of a PCR-based method. We demonstrated that this test did not generate any cross-reactions with ETD-producing isolates. The level of detection of ETB by this test differed according to culture conditions and from isolate to isolate; these results must be taken into account for diagnostic purposes.