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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, March 2005, p. 1086-1092, Vol. 43, No. 3
0095-1137/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.43.3.1086-1092.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Molecular Epidemiology of Norovirus Infections in Stockholm, Sweden, during the Years 2000 to 2003: Association of the GGIIb Genetic Cluster with Infection in Children

Annika Tiveljung Lindell,1* Lena Grillner,1 Lennart Svensson,2 and Benita Zweygberg Wirgart1

Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm,1 Division of Molecular Virology, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden2

Received 18 August 2004/ Returned for modification 15 September 2004/ Accepted 8 November 2004

The incidence of norovirus-associated gastroenteritis and the molecular epidemiology of norovirus strains were studied during three seasons (2000-2001, 2001-2002, and 2002-2003) among patients of all ages, mainly from the Stockholm region in Sweden. A total of 3,252 fecal samples were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR. The incidences of norovirus infection among adults were 23, 26, and 30% during the three seasons studied and 18, 11, and 15% among children 0 to 15 years of age. During the first season, all norovirus strains detected by PCR were typed either by reverse line blot hybridization or nucleotide sequence analysis. During the two successive seasons, a total of 60 norovirus-positive strains from the beginning, peak, and end of the seasons were selected for nucleotide sequence analysis. We identified two dominant norovirus variants over the seasons: a new norovirus variant, recently described as the GGIIb genetic cluster, dominated among children during the first season, and during the following two seasons, a GGII-4 variant dominated. Our data suggest that norovirus infections are common, not only among adults, but also among children, and that some strains may predominantly affect children.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden. Phone: 46 (0) 8 5177 9640. Fax: 46 (0) 8 308099. E-mail: annika.tiveljung-lindell{at}karolinska.se.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, March 2005, p. 1086-1092, Vol. 43, No. 3
0095-1137/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.43.3.1086-1092.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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