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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, April 2005, p. 1752-1767, Vol. 43, No. 4
0095-1137/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.43.4.1752-1767.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Species of Phaeoacremonium Associated with Infections in Humans and Environmental Reservoirs in Infected Woody Plants

Lizel Mostert,1* Johannes Z. Groenewald,1 Richard C. Summerbell,1 Vincent Robert,1 Deanna A. Sutton,2 Arvind A. Padhye,3 and Pedro W. Crous1

Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, The Netherlands,1 Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas,2 Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia3

Received 2 April 2004/ Returned for modification 4 June 2004/ Accepted 24 November 2004

To date, three species of Phaeoacremonium have been associated with phaeohyphomycosis. These are P. parasiticum (formerly Phialophora parasitica), P. inflatipes, and P. rubrigenum. Numerous unknown isolates resembling Phaeoacremonium spp. have in recent years been isolated from human patients as well as from woody plants that appear to be the main environmental source of these fungi. Nine new Phaeoacremonium species, of which six were obtained as etiologic agents of human opportunistic infection, are reported. They can be identified based on their cultural and morphological characters, and the identifications are strongly supported in phylogenetic analyses of partial sequences of the actin, ß-tubulin, and calmodulin genes. A multiple-entry electronic key based on morphological, cultural, and ß-tubulin sequence data was developed to facilitate routine species identification. Reexamination of all isolates of P. inflatipes associated with human disease showed them to be misidentified and to belong to the new taxa described here.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands. Phone: (31) 30-212 2600. Fax: (31) 30-251 2097. E-mail: mostert{at}cbs.knaw.nl.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, April 2005, p. 1752-1767, Vol. 43, No. 4
0095-1137/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.43.4.1752-1767.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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