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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, July 2005, p. 3324-3333, Vol. 43, No. 7
0095-1137/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.43.7.3324-3333.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Multilocus DNA Sequence Comparisons Rapidly Identify Pathogenic Molds

Jennifer L. Rakeman,1 Uyen Bui,1 Karen LaFe,1 Yi-Ching Chen,1 Rhonda J. Honeycutt,2 and Brad T. Cookson1,3*

Departments of Laboratory Medicine,1 Microbiology,University of Washington, Seattle, Washington,3 Clarity BioSciences, Inc., Carlsbad, California2

Received 10 December 2004/ Returned for modification 26 January 2005/ Accepted 24 March 2005

The increasing incidence of opportunistic fungal infections necessitates rapid and accurate identification of the associated fungi to facilitate optimal patient treatment. Traditional phenotype-based identification methods utilized in clinical laboratories rely on the production and recognition of reproductive structures, making identification difficult or impossible when these structures are not observed. We hypothesized that DNA sequence analysis of multiple loci is useful for rapidly identifying medically important molds. Our study included the analysis of the D1/D2 hypervariable region of the 28S ribosomal gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions 1 and 2 of the rRNA operon. Two hundred one strains, including 143 clinical isolates and 58 reference and type strains, representing 43 recognized species and one possible new species, were examined. We generated a phenotypically validated database of 118 diagnostic alleles. DNA length polymorphisms detected among ITS1 and ITS2 PCR products can differentiate 20 of 33 species of molds tested, and ITS DNA sequence analysis permits identification of all species tested. For 42 of 44 species tested, conspecific strains displayed >99% sequence identity at ITS1 and ITS2; sequevars were detected in two species. For all 44 species, identifications by genotypic and traditional phenotypic methods were 100% concordant. Because dendrograms based on ITS sequence analysis are similar in topology to 28S-based trees, we conclude that ITS sequences provide phylogenetically valid information and can be utilized to identify clinically important molds. Additionally, this phenotypically validated database of ITS sequences will be useful for identifying new species of pathogenic molds.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington, Box 357110, Seattle, WA 98195. Phone: (206) 598-6131. Fax: (206) 598-6189. E-mail: cookson{at}u.washington.edu.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, July 2005, p. 3324-3333, Vol. 43, No. 7
0095-1137/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.43.7.3324-3333.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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