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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, September 2005, p. 4659-4664, Vol. 43, No. 9
0095-1137/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.43.9.4659-4664.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Molecular Epidemiology of Caliciviruses Detected in Sporadic and Outbreak Cases of Gastroenteritis in France from December 1998 to February 2004

F. Bon,1* K. Ambert-Balay,1 H. Giraudon,1 J. Kaplon,1 S. Le Guyader,2 M. Pommepuy,2 A. Gallay,3 V. Vaillant,3 H. de Valk,3 R. Chikhi-Brachet,4 A. Flahaut,4 P. Pothier,1 and E. Kohli1

Laboratoire de Virologie and CNR des Virus Entériques, EA562, CHU de Dijon and UFRs Médecine-Pharmacie, Dijon,1 Laboratoire de Microbiologie, IFREMER, Nantes,2 Institut National de Veille Sanitaire, Paris,3 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité U 444, Paris, France4

Received 23 February 2005/ Returned for modification 13 April 2005/ Accepted 11 June 2005

We compiled sequence and epidemiological data from 172 caliciviruses detected in France from December 1998 to February 2004 in sporadic and outbreak cases. The results showed a cocirculation of strains with a majority of genogroup II (GII) noroviruses. Three groups of noroviruses, not detected before in our laboratory, emerged and spread during the period: the recombinant GGIIb and Norwalk-related strains not amplified in the polymerase gene in 2000 and a new Lordsdale variant in 2002. We observed that (i) GII-4 noroviruses were predominant in nursing home and hospital outbreaks but rare in oyster- and water-related outbreaks despite continuous circulation in the population; (ii) at the opposite, genogroup I strains were detected in the majority of environmental outbreaks; (iii) several strains were frequently found in oyster- and water-linked outbreaks (up to seven), whereas one single strain was detected when transmission was from person to person; and (iv) whereas GII noroviruses were predominant in sporadic cases where patients were under 15 years of age, GI strains were more frequent in outbreaks occurring in this age group. Finally, from a methodology point of view, this compilation shows that detection and characterization in the polymerase gene are not adequate in a significant number of cases and should be completed by amplification and sequencing in the capsid gene.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital du bocage, 2 Bd Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny 21079 Dijon, France. Phone: 33 3 80 29 34 37. Fax: 33 3 80 29 36 04. E-mail: fabienne.bon{at}chu-dijon.fr.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, September 2005, p. 4659-4664, Vol. 43, No. 9
0095-1137/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.43.9.4659-4664.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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