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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, September 2005, p. 4751-4757, Vol. 43, No. 9
0095-1137/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.43.9.4751-4757.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Clonal Analysis of Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolates Carrying or Lacking Biofilm-Mediating Genes by Multilocus Sequence Typing

Svetlana Kozitskaya,1 Michael E. Olson,3 Paul D. Fey,2,3 Wolfgang Witte,4 Knut Ohlsen,1 and Wilma Ziebuhr1*

Institut für Molekulare Infektionsbiologie, Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany,1 Departments of Internal Medicine,2 Pathology and Microbiology, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198,3 Robert-Koch-Institut Bereich Wernigerode, Burgstraße 37, 38843 Wernigerode, Germany4

Received 2 February 2005/ Returned for modification 9 May 2005/ Accepted 21 June 2005

Staphylococcus epidermidis is part of the normal microflora of the human skin but is also a leading cause of device-associated infections in critically ill patients. Commensal and clinical S. epidermidis isolates differ in their ability to form biofilms on medical devices; the synthesis of biofilms is mediated by the icaADBC operon. Currently, the epidemiological relatedness between ica-positive and -negative isolates is not known; neither is it known whether the ica genes can spread to biofilm-negative strains through horizontal gene transfer. In this study, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was employed for the clonal analysis of 118 S. epidermidis ica-positive and -negative strains. MLST revealed that the majority of ica-positive and -negative strains were closely related and formed a single clonal complex. Within this complex one sequence type (ST27) was identified which contained exclusively ica-positive isolates and represented the majority of clinical strains tested. ST27 and related ica-positive clones carried different SCCmec cassettes (conferring methicillin resistance) and the insertion sequence IS256. The findings suggest that the S. epidermidis infections analyzed in this report are mainly caused by a single clone (ST27) which occurs preferentially in hospitals and differs from clones in the community. It is hypothesized that the successful establishment of ST27 within nosocomial environments has been facilitated by the presence of genes encoding biofilm and resistance traits.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut für Molekulare Infektionsbiologie, Röntgenring 11, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany. Phone: 49 931 31 2154. Fax: 49 931 31 2578. E-mail: w.ziebuhr{at}mail.uni-wuerzburg.de.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, September 2005, p. 4751-4757, Vol. 43, No. 9
0095-1137/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.43.9.4751-4757.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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