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Journal of Clinical Microbiology, January 2006, p. 192-200, Vol. 44, No. 1
0095-1137/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.44.1.192-200.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Evolution and Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Epidemic and Sporadic Clones in Cordoba, Argentina

Claudia Sola,1 Paulo Cortes,1 Hector A. Saka,1 Cordoba MRSA Collaborative Study Group,{dagger} Ana Vindel,2 José Luis Bocco,1*

Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clinica e Inmunologíia (CIBICI-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina,1 Laboratorio de Infecciones Nosocomiales, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain2

Received 16 February 2005/ Returned for modification 22 May 2005/ Accepted 6 November 2005

Since 1999, a new, epidemic, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain, named the "Cordobes clone," has emerged in Argentina and coexists with the pandemic Brazilian clone. The purpose of this study was to determine the stability over time of the new clone and to investigate its evolutionary relationship with epidemic international MRSA lineages and with other MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) major clones distributed in this region. One hundred three MRSA isolates recovered in 2001 from Cordoba, Argentina, hospitals and 31 MSSA strains collected from 1999 to 2002 were analyzed by their antibiotic resistance patterns, phage typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Additionally, representative members of most MRSA defined genotypes (A, B, C, E, K, and I) were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and spaA and SCCmec typing. The most prevalent MSSA pulsotypes were also analyzed by MLST. Our results support the displacement of the Brazilian clone (sequence type [ST] 239, spaA type WGKAOMQ, SCCmec type IIIA) by the Cordobes clone (ST5, spaA type TIMEMDMGMGMK, SCCmec type I) in the hospital environment. MRSA and MSSA isolates shared only ST5. The data support the origin of the Cordobes clone as a member of a lineage that includes the pediatric and New York/Japan international clones and that is genetically related to the British EMRSA-3 strain. Interestingly, the pediatric clone, isolated from most community-acquired infections in Cordoba, was characterized by ST100, a single-locus variant of ST5 and a new variant of SCCmec type related to SCCmec type IVc.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina. Phone: 54 351 433 4164. Fax: 54 351 433 3048. E-mail: jbocco{at}fcq.unc.edu.ar.

{dagger} Contributing members of the Cordoba MRSA Collaborative Study Group are listed in Acknowledgments.

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, January 2006, p. 192-200, Vol. 44, No. 1
0095-1137/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JCM.44.1.192-200.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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